摘要:

ABSTRACTDevelopmentalism, or the theory of linear progress, has taken several forms — evolutionism, modernization theory, development thinking — which correlate with different epochs of western hegemony. The comparative method serves as its underpinnings in theoretically incorporating non‐western societies into the developmental paradigm. Developmentalism is universalist and ahistorical, teleological and ethnocentric. A discourse of power, it is presented and taken as a recipe for social change. The present crisis of developmentalism is both a crisis of development in the south and a crisis of modernism in the west. In the west, developmentalism is being challenged by new social movements and, in theoretical terms, by postmodernism; in the south, alternative development strategies test the limits of the developmental paradigm. Non‐western concepts of modernization have also been developed. This discussion concludes with two queries, one concerning the passage from the bi‐polar world of the Cold War to polycentrism, and one with respect to the deconstruction of the west as a prerequisite to the deconstruction of development.If ‘development’ itself has become a problem, and has sowed the seeds of discontent and ethnic conflict, a corrective to development can only come from other worldviews,

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1991.tb00401.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDuring the last decade a series of essays by prominent development theorists were published in which it was argued that development theory was in crisis. In my view the First World bias of development theory has contributed to its shortcomings. This bias is evidenced by the failure of development theory seriously to examine and incorporate into its mainstream the theories emanating from the Third World. In this paper I deal with the Latin American contribution to development theory. While development theorists have given some attention to dependency studies and structuralism, far too little appreciation has been given to the writings on marginality and internal colonialism. However, the significance of the structuralist school for development thinking and practice has yet to be fully acknowledged. Furthermore, dependency theory has been much distorted and key dependency writers have been completely ignored, especially in the Anglo‐Saxon world. The following themes of the multi‐stranded Latin American development school are examined: the debate on reform or revolution, the structuralist or centre‐periphery paradigm, the analyses on internal colonialism and marginality, and the dependency studies. Wherever relevant the key differing positions within the Latin American school are presented. I then proceed to examine the shortcomings as well as the contemporary relevance of these Latin American theories of development and underdevelo

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1991.tb00402.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIncreasing strains on self‐sufficiency within the block of East European command economies resulted in the dramatic decision to change over to an economic system largely based on market forces. The painfulness of the ensuing transformation process will be mitigated somewhat by supportive economic policies of the West, including the European Community which is itself aiming at complete economic integration by the end of 1992. The consequences for the developing countries of these far‐reaching policy changes in East and West are likely to be negative, at least in the immediate future. This is true for the volume of development assistance given by East and West, as well as for the export prospects of developing countries. Favourable effects might at best be expected in the longer

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1991.tb00403.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTOstensibly, the Central American Left has been defeated both politically, in the Nicaraguan elections, and economically, with the triumph of orthodox economic adjustment policy. In reality, the end of the Cold War promises to alter the economic and political climate in a way that will encourage the region's long‐delayed modernization. Although the political arena remains turbulent, moderate forces are emerging which Washington will find easier to support. Equally promising is the region's favourable record of economic adjustment in the second half of the 1980s. A more favourable world climate for world trade in the 1990s would ease the region's foreign exchange constraint and enable a further round of industrialization to take place, while further eroding the economic basis of ‘oligarchic despoti

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1991.tb00404.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe Planning Commission estimated asharpreduction of poverty during the early 1980s, which it attributed largely to the poverty alleviation strategy followed during the Sixth Plan. Specifically, it was claimed that the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was responsible for a substantial reduction in rural poverty. This claim is critically evaluated here. Drawing upon the results of an applied general equilibrium model, selected anti‐poverty interventions are compared from a macro perspective. Noting the incentive and information‐related problems, some key issues in designing anti‐poverty interventions are addressed.Section I reviews changes in rural poverty at the all‐India level. Section II explores the relationship between rural poverty, agricultural production and (consumer) prices. Distinguishing between transitory and persistent poverty, alternative measures of persistent poverty are presented in Section III. A case is then made for an interventionist anti‐poverty strategy, followed by a brief review (Section IV) of salient features and selected performance indicators of poverty alleviation programmes launched/implemented during the Sixth Plan period. Section V investigates whether these programmes — especially the IRDP — played a significant role in alleviating poverty. Section VI discusses selected anti‐poverty interventions and possible design‐related reforms; concluding observations are offered in

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1991.tb00405.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Robert Wade,Village Republics: Economic Conditions for Collective Action in South IndiaNiels Röling,Extension Science. Information Systems in Agricultural DevelopmentCutting Edge Technologies and Microcomputer Applications for Developing Countries. Report of an Ad Hoc Panel on the Use of Microcomputers for Developing CountriesInstitute of Social Studies, P.O. Box 90733, 2509 LS The HagueGiovanni Andrea Cornia, Richard Jolly and Frances Stewart (eds), Adjustment with a Human Face. Volume I:Keith Griffin,Alternative Strategies for Economic DevelopmentLance Taylor,Varieties of Stabilization Experience: Towards Sensible Macroeconomics in the Third WorldHans Linnemann (ed.), with Pitou van Dijck and Harmen Verbruggen, Export‐Oriented Industrialization in Developing CountriesHelen Hughes (ed.),Achieving Industrialization in East AsiaJohn Kriedmann,Life Space and Economic Space. Essays in Third World PlanningRudolf Teekens (ed.),Theory and Policy Design for Basic Needs Planning. A Case Study of EcuadorJulio A. Fernandez,Belize: Case Study for Democracy in Central Amer

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1991.tb00406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Per Lindskog and Jan Lundqvist,Why Poor Children Stay Sick. The Human Ecology of Child Health and Welfare in Rural Malawi. Research report no. 85. Uppsala:Nico Vink,The Telenovela and Emancipation: A Study on TV and Social Change in Brazil. Amsterdam:Rashid Amjad (ed.),To the Gulf and Back: Studies on the Economic Impact of Asian Labour Migration. New Delhi:Krishnalekha Sood,Trade and Economic Development; India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, New Delhi:ILO‐ARTEP, Employment and Structural Change in Indian Industries:John A. Dixon, Richard A. Carpenter, Louise A. Fallon, Paul B. Sherman and Supachit Manipomoke,Economic Analysis of the Environmental Impacts of Development Projects. London:David C. Gordon,Images of the West: Third World Perspectives. Savage, M

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1991.tb00407.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1991.tb00408.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY