摘要:

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to review and evaluate policies directed at rural women in the Third World, as reflected in WID research and policy documents. This review covers the assumptions behind the advocacy of direct assistance to rural women, the goals that are sought in providing such assistance and the means advocated to achieve them. An attempt is made to show how the agenda of mainstream WID research and policy formulation has closely followed, reflected and responded to changing international priorities in matters of development assistance in a manner that leaves crucial redistributive and political issues tangentially addressed and unresolved.

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1990.tb00365.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThree major strategies for enhancing women's role in economic development in rural China are in evidence in the 1980s: (1) replacing male labour in agriculture, (2) employment in rural industry, and (3) ‘household’‐based commodity production. The implications of each strategy for women's economic roles and for the structuring of gender in rural China are analysed. Particular attention is given to explicating unanticipated reasons for women's and Women's Federations' attraction to the third alternative. The concept of ‘strategy’ is examined in this context. The analysis is based on fieldwork data, including interviews and household surveys, collected in three villages in Shandong during the summer of 1986 and the winter

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1990.tb00366.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis article focuses upon the decision‐making process in the household with regard to young women and factory employment in Java and Taiwan, and critically examines to what extent these processes reflect household strategies. While Javanese daughters may seek factory employment against parents' wishes, Taiwanese daughters may be obliged to submit to parental decisions and work for years in order to contribute income. The concept of ‘household strategies’, however, inadequately describes both situations, masking relations of power, resistance and inequality within the household. The assumptions underlying the concept of household strategies and their broader analytical implications are explored, leading to the conclusion that a more differentiated view of the household is needed, taking power relations and struggles between genders and generations into ac

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1990.tb00367.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPastoralism is defined here as a system in which humanity mediates the relation between land and animals. The paper argues that the conventional idea of pastoralism as a pure relation between animals and land obscures indigenous resource management systems such as that of the Sámi, with its seasonal variations in both labour and pasture. This management is exercised through flexible social groupings which mediate the relation between the size of the herd and the capacity of the pasture. The fact that there is no historical evidence of overgrazing in a general sense in Sámi areas must be seen in connection with this management syste

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1990.tb00368.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAs non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) accumulate experience at implementing development projects, they sometimes attempt to increase their influence by engaging in policy advocacy. This article analyses the organizational conditions under which national NGOs in Africa have been able to influence the formulation of agricultural and rural development policies. Case studies are presented of three African NGOs that have sought, with varying degrees of success, to represent the ‘voice’ of the rural poor to policy‐makers. Comparative analysis of these cases leads to the conclusion that policy advocacy is most likely to be effective in organizations that have several key characteristics: an homogeneous membership, a federated structure, a focused programme, informal ties with political leaders, and a domestic fundi

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1990.tb00369.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe hypothesis that failures of land reform programmes are due to the political power of dominant classes is problematic where land is scarce, ownership not highly concentrated and politics not especially exclusionary. Since the late 1960s, land reform in West Bengal has been initiated by radical rural political mobilization—with significant participation by the agrarian underclass. The Communist Party of India (Marxist)—the largest radical party in West Bengal‐has been unable to extend its redistributive land reform agenda beyond a point because of political difficulties rooted in West Bengal's intense competition for scarce resources. It has modified the land reform agenda to accommodate the competing demands of the poor and the non‐poor, and there are signs that land reform is losing saliency in the policy agenda. This paper argues that the weak implementation of land reform in West Bengal is explained not by the power of the dominant classes, but as an adaptation of policy to an environment of resource scarcity and a relatively low level of land concen

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1990.tb00370.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAgricultural taxation policy formulation under the Left Front government in West Bengal indicates landed interests are now powerful enough to resist enhanced taxation. As the most radical government in India abandoned proposed agricultural tax increases in the face of landowner opposition, and felt obliged to lower land taxes instead, India is not likely to increase land revenue for economic development. This effective landowner veto power over taxation policy indicates significant agrarian reform is not forthcoming in India, and the trend is towards greater subsidies for surplus‐producing farmers. The research was conducted through interviews with the policy formulators in West Benga

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1990.tb00371.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Gene Tidrick and Chen Jiyuan (eds),China's Industrial Reform.Oiva Laaksonen,Management in China during and after Mao, in Enterprises, Government and Party.Erik Baark and Andrew Jamison (eds),Technological Development in China, India and Japan: Cross‐cultural PerspectivesJohn Markakis,National and Class Conflict in the Horn of Africa.D.D. Laitin and Said Samatar,Somalia: Nation in Search of a State.Ahmed I. Samatar,Socialist Somalia: Rhetoric and Reality.Paul M. Lubeck (ed.),The African Bourgeoisie: Capitalist Development In Nigeria, Kenya and the Ivory Coast.Nzongola‐Ntalaja (ed.)The Crisis in Zaire: My:hs and Realities.Dharam Ghai and Lawrence D. Smith,Agricultural Prices, Policy, and Equity in Sub‐Saharan Africa.Aart van de LaarHarold Wolpe,Race, Class and the Apartheid State.Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift (eds),Multinationals and the Restructuring of the World Economy.Said El‐Naggar (ed.),Adjustment Policies and Development Strategies in the Arab World.Michael Pinches and Salim Lakha (eds),Wage Labour and Social Change. The Proletariat in Asia and the

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1990.tb00372.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1990.tb00373.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1990.tb00374.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY