摘要:

Charges for diversion of water imposed by the state of New Jersey on the Johns‐Manville Company were upheld by the court despite the company's contention that state law did not allow the state water authority to charge a riparian owner for the exercise of its common law right to divert water. The court ruled that the company did not own the water flowing past its property and that the fact that the company drew a certain volume of water from the river at one time did not confer on it any right to continue to do so.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02774.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A combination of factors. A major influence has been findings from the Superfund program that organics are present in underground sources of drinking water and in surface water supplies. Another factor is the development of more subtle methods for detecting organics. More general concern has been stimulated by problems with hazardous waste sites like Love Canal and the hazardous waste regulatory program for synthetic substances.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02777.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02778.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The drinking water industry needs a standard method for determining the aesthetic quality of water. Currently, only sensory analysis provides the necessary information on the flavor and aroma of drinking water. The flavor profile analysis (FPA) method, as conducted at several water utilities, has provided reproducible results on both the intensity and the description of flavor and aroma. After a short training period, a panel can help provide organoleptic information for the water utility manager. The selection and initial training of panelists is an important aspect that must be considered if a panel is to provide reliable information. This article presents a general introduction about panel training in the FPA method.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02779.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Various models have been proposed to predict the performance of granular activated carbon (GAC) for single and bisolute systems, including the use of a bed depth service model for interpreting data for operation of adsorption beds to remove total organic carbon (TOC). This model is essentially the simple or symmetrical logistic function. The generalized logistic function is applied to TOC removal and data from GAC, incorporating the inverse of the Freundlich isotherm slope. Thus the model is useful when the breakthrough curve is nonsymmetrical.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02780.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Broward County (Fla.) Utilities Department was faced with the problem of reducing color in water from the Biscayne Aquifer and simultaneously controlling the potential for the formation of excessive trihalomethanes (THMs). The solution was to provide a short coagulation period, using ferric chloride, followed by softening to remove color plus providing a chloramine residual by adding ammonia. The improved treatment processes resulted in color control and THM levels of less than half the maximum contaminant level.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02781.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and ultrafiltration (UF), both relatively inexpensive analytical techniques requiring moderate levels of analyst expertise, are potential tools for monitoring the presence of aquatic organic matter and humic substances in raw water sources as well as the removal of organic constituents during water treatment. The two methods provided somewhat different trends in the relative molecular weight distribution of dissolved organic matter in various water sources. The GPC method generally indicated a higher molecular weight than the UF method for a given source. Moreover, the GPC method was found to be more significantly affected by pH conditions.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02782.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There is a need for accurate, rapid, and easily measured surrogate parameters for trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) to aid in the control of water treatment plants. Four haloform formation potential (HFP) tests have been developed to meet this need. They are based on replacing chlorine in the THMFP test with iodine or bromine. The iodoform or bromoform produced by reaction with natural organic matter can be measured with a spectrophotometer rather than a gas chromatograph. Kinetics of formation of iodoform and bromoform were studied at 25, 50, and 100°C using solutions of commercial humic acid. Correlation experiments showed that the HFP tests were better able to predict THMFP than conventional surrogate parameters, total organic carbon and ultraviolet absorption. On the basis of ease of analysis, analysis time, and ability to predict THMFP, the HFP tests appear to be improved surrogate parameters for THMFP.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02783.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The air stripping of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) from water was optimized by taking into account both capital and operating costs. By using Onda's correlation for mass transfer coefficient and computer simulations, optimal water loading rates and air‐to‐water ratios were established for five representative VOCs. The overall treatment cost appeared to be relatively insensitive to changes in the operating variables in the vicinity of the optimum region but increased rapidly as the conditions deviated from the optimum region. It was also observed that the overall treatment cost was very sensitive to capital cost but not significantly affected by power costs. The treatment cost dropped almost linearly as temperature increased.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02784.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Microbial activity in granular activated carbon (GAC) has the potential to extend the service life of GAC beds through in situ biological regeneration of sorption sites. Bioregeneration with phenol and paranitrophenol (PNP) was examined over the concentration range of 20–100μg/L and was measured using radiochemical analytical techniques. Bioregeneration ranged from 5 to 22 percent over a 10‐day period and typically showed a lag phase, followed by rapid bioregeneration, and finally a fairly constant, much lower rate. Differences in bioregeneration rate as a function of column position were slight with phenol as the substrate but substantial with PNP, for which bioregeneration was greatest at the influent end and smallest at the effluent end. The experimental results, in combination with mathematical modeling, suggest that bioregeneration can significantly affect the removal of low concentrations of synthetic organic chemicals.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02785.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY