ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1974.1

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper sets out to show how accountants and OR model builders can constructively combine their different points of view to produce real benefit through the use of relatively simple computer models. The situation of Coal Products (the process subsidiary of the NCB) is described, together with the rationale for experimenting with models in the first place. Then the approach and construction of several models is outlined, in particular models for projecting a coking plant profit and loss and a corporate model which considers both profit and loss and cash flow. Final sections discuss the use and value of the models and suggest some lessons from the continuing experience.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1974.2

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe formulation of Animal Feedstuffs is often quoted in Operational Research textbooks as an elementary example of the utilization of linear programming. It is certainly one of the most immediately obvious applications of this mathematical technique and can be used to attack the most fundamental area of cost in a narrow margin business. This article describes the route and the extent of the evolution required to turn this basic observation into a working system with a significant impact on profit.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1974.3

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes the construction of a mathematical model and the results of its use in planning the pattern of routing in a national, complex distribution network; the model's particular feature being its ability to balance return loads on routes where two-way flow is possible.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1974.4

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe cutting stock problem occurs where large rectangles of some material require cutting into smaller rectangles, in the most appropriate way, to satisfy an order book. A linear programming approach to the problem has been suggested by P. C. Gilmore and R. E. Gomory. An application of this approach in the glass industry is described which is shown to be inadequate since it only satisfies a wastage criterion. In practice, multiple criteria must be satisfied and two alternative approaches using linear programming and heuristic scheduling are proposed.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1974.5

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes a planning model developed for an English local authority to help take into account the constraint of limited financial resources associated with physical planning decisions such as slum clearance, housing development and town centre redevelopment. Physical planning assumptions and decision inputs are incorporated into a model of the local authority environment having as major variables population, housing and employment. Each of the local authority services is represented separately and the majority are functions of these key variables. Service levels, where possible, and expenditures are projected and compared with a total resources projection to determine overall financial viability. Examples of the model's application are given.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1974.6

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA simple algorithm is presented for the problem of allocating staff in order to meet demand over a repeating seven-day cycle. The formulation assumes that full-time employees are entitled to two consecutive days off and that the objective is to meet demand for staff with a minimum use of part-time employees. The algorithm requires only hand calculations.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1974.7

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractFrequently, companies face the problem of allocating a given marketing budget in order to maximize their total returns. In this paper we examine the problem of allocating marketing effort, such as advertising, amongPsubstitutional products, distributed inNdifferent sales territories. Two models are discussed. In the first model it is assumed that at most one product is promoted in each sales territory. It is shown that a simple algorithm leads to at least a local optimum in a finite number of steps. In the second model, the restriction of one product per territory is eliminated. Applying a concept of effective effort, the model is transformed to an equivalent separable programming problem, solvable by a“single-pass”algorithm for various forms of response functions. Furthermore, a concept of successive modifications of the objective function is discussed.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1974.8

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper investigates the problem of finding optimal replacement policies for equipment subject to failures with randomly distributed repair costs, the degree of reliability of the equipment being considered as a state of a Markov process. Algorithms have been devised to find optimal combined policies both for preventive replacement and for replacement in case of failure by using repair-limit strategies.First a simple procedure to obtain an optimal discrete policy is described. Then an algorithm is formulated in order to calculate an optimal continuous policy: it is shown how the optimal repair limit is the solution to an ordinary differential equation, and how the value of the repair limit determines the optimal preventive replacement policy.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1974.9

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA simple algebraic formula for combining repair data with prior experience determines the time when a machine should be replaced in order to minimize the expected cost of equipment purchase and maintenance. A random sample from an exponential distribution represents the cost of each repair, and a time-dependent Poisson process represents the intervals between repairs. Bayes' formula provides the basis for combining data with previous judgement about the characteristics of the equipment. Automobile maintenance records support the basic assumptions of the model, and illustrate the method of deciding when to scrap a given machine.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1974.10

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor