ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.1

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe work described in the paper was developed during a project carried out jointly by the DHSS OR Unit and a hospital department specializing in the management of acute myeloid leukaemia. One of the aims of this project was to develop a methodology for comparing the results of treatment of patients treated in different clinical trials.The standard OR approach was adopted of using a mathematical model of the results of treatment in a trial as a basis for such comparisons. The paper describes how such a model was built for a particular treatment trial and then used to compare the results of this trial with those obtained in another trial. This comparison indicated important differences between the results of the treatment trials.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.2

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIt is argued that a crucial element in decision-making in conflicts is the need for adequate conceptual complexity in problem formulation. This is illustrated by reference to a disastrous military failure—the fall of France in 1940. A formal model of the strategic situation is constructed using the Hypergame approach, in which the usual game-theoretic assumption that all "players" see the same "game" is discarded. Using this model, further features of the case are explored, and some general conclusions discussed. It is suggested that Hypergame analysis can be of assistance in achieving adequate levels of problem-perception in complex, conflict-prone environments, in particular by helping in the generation of multiple models.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.3

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe problem considered here is the allocation of limited school resources over the school-life of students so as to maximize their human capital stock at the end of the schooling period. The constraints faced by school authorities in maximizing the terminal human capital stock include the production technology, a limited budget per pupil, and the constraint that the level of knowledge exceed some minimum level before the pupil can pass to the succeeding grade. The problem is solved using optimal control theory. Both the results obtained generally and those derived for specific examples indicate the optimal allocation is one where the level of expenditure per pupil increases with the grade level of the pupil.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.4

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractAn inventory model is developed for a finite horizon and price changes. The structure and form of the optimal policy is determined along with sensitivity analysis with respect to the length of the horizon. This is a prelude to considering an infinite horizon problem in which at some a priori known time the purchase price of the item will increase. In this paper appropriate ordering policies are determined with respect to known information about an ensuing price rise.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.5

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractFor financial planning problems involving the simultaneous selection of investment and financing decisions, linear programming models are superior from the standpoint of financial theory to simple "rules of thumb" such as conventional discounting. Nevertheless, from the practical point of view and as the acceptance of programming models by the financial management community is rather sluggish, it is still relevant to ask the question "how do the results of the two approaches differ?". The answer to this depends on the complexity of the modelling found necessary. For very simple situations the answer is none at all, but for other situations the difference can be substantial. This paper investigates part of the middle ground of complexity, where the principal extension to the simplest model is the inclusion of debt and debt capacity and proposes that simple "rules of thumb" can give results sufficiently close to optimal for most purposes.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.6

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractAn optimization model is proposed to aid marketing managers to search for and develop new product brand ideas. The model, which is founded on individual consumer behaviour constructs, determines a position for a new brand, in the consumers' perceptual space of product attributes, that maximizes company sales. The resulting mathematical model is stated as a large-scale, mixed, zero-one, integer, non-linear mathematical programming problem whose solution is sought through a two-stage optimization approach.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.7

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractWe consider the situation of a deterministic demand pattern having a linear trend. The problem is to select the timing and sizes of replenishments so as to keep the total of replenishment and carrying costs as low as possible. An earlier developed heuristic for the general case of a deterministic, time-varying, demand pattern is specialized to the case of a linear trend. The simple decision rule is shown to lead to small cost penalties in two examples that have been exactly analyzed in an earlier article in this journal.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.8

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis paper provides an easily computable one parameter inspection policy for the detection of the failure of a system when the time to failure of the system follows a gamma distribution. This one parameter inspection policy, as suggested by Munford and Shahani, compares fairly well with a computationally difficult optimal policy suggested by Barlow, Hunter and Proschan. Necessary tables are provided for the "optimal" parameter for a wide range of the parameters of the problem, from which the successive inspection times can be computed easily.

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.9

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0160-5682    

DOI:10.1057/jors.1979.10

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor