摘要:

AbstractThe only established difference on which to base the separation of X and Y chromosome‐bearing spermatozoa is chromosomal constitution. This difference is quantifiable both from chromosome morphology (karyotype) and from DNA content. Flow cytometric techniques were used to measure relative DNA content of the X and Y populations and to flow‐sort spermatozoa fromChinchilla laniger.Epididymal spermatozoa were recovered in PBS, fixed in 80% ethanol, treated with papain and dithioerythritol, and stained for DNA with Hoechst 33342. Sperm nuclei were analyzed and sorted on an EPICS V flow cytometer/cell sorter, modified specifically for spermatozoa. Two clearly resolved peaks (coefficient of variation<1.5%) with approximately 7.5% difference in DNA content between X and Y chromosome‐bearing spermatozoa were evident. Sperm nuclei were sorted from a portion of the X and Y peaks at a rate of 55 nuclei/sec for each population. Purities of individual X and Y populations averaged 95% as determined by reanalysis of the sorted populations. Successful sorting ofChinchillaX and Y chromosome‐bearing spermatozoa into separate populations may aid in the identification of a biochemical marker that could be used to discriminate between the two sperm populations and lead to a practical procedure for sexing sper

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe action of gossypol on the acrosomal complex in rats has been investigated by microscopical and submicroscopical methods. The drug displays its morphological action only on spermatozoa during the transit through the epididymis, causing malformations and vesiculations. It appears to exert a primary action on the SS groups formation, disturbing morphological molding occurring in this period and inhibiting capacitatio

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have studied changes in the binding of fluoresceinated lectins to human sperm during in vitro capacitation. We first determined the surface labeling pattern of viable sperm obtained by the swim‐up procedure. Sperm were labeled with 100 μg/ml FITC‐conjugated lectin at 4°C for 30 min. We simultaneously used Hoechst stain 33258 as a supravital stain to help differentiate surface from intracellular lectin labeling. Of 14 lectins studied, six (phytohemagglutinin‐E, concanavalin A,Ricinus communisagglutinin‐I, and the lectins of wheat germ,Lens culinaris, andPisum sativum) bound to the entire surface of sperm, sometimes with minor local heterogeneity. Three lectins (from peanut,Maclura pomifera, and soybean) usually bound in a punctate manner, with more label on the tail than on the head. Five lectins (Ulex europaeus, Dolichos biflorus, Helix pomatia, andVicia villosalectins, and lectin II ofGriffonia simplicifolia) bound very poorly or not at all to the sperm surface. Sperm were also inspected for changes in surface lectin binding patterns after 0, 5, and 23 hr of incubation in a capacitating medium. Two lectins showed reproducible changes. The labeling byMaclura pomiferaagglutinin decreased by 5 hr in eight of ten experiments, and among sperm labeled with concanavalin A, the incidence of sperm with a highly fluorescent anterior margin of the sperm head increased by about 3.5‐fold between 0 and 5 hr. The labeling pattern of the other lectins did

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSpermatozoa of abaloneHaliotis discuswere examined before and during the acrosome reaction with special regard to one of the newly formed structures: a cylindrical structure surrounding a part of the elongated acrosomal process near the opening of the acrosomal vesicle. The structure, about 0.2 μm in diameter and about 1 μm in length, was revealed to be composed of a tightly coiled, fine tubular structure about 20 nm in diameter. In the course of the acrosome reaction, a triple‐spiral structure appeared in the anterior part of the acrosomal vesicle. Since this spiral structure was also composed of a tightly coiled 20 nm tubule(s), it was concluded that this structure was transformed into the single‐walled cylindrical structure by simple stretching in the direction of its longitudinal axis. In the clumps of spermatozoa that underwent acrosome reaction in suspension, the cylindrical structures were frequently found in contact with each other and/or other structures, indicating that they are very s

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study of varying combinations of in vitro‐aged sperm and in vivo‐aged ova at 3 hr intervals from 0–24 hr resulted in failures at different steps of the fertilization process during in vitro fertilization of mouse ova. Significant decreases caused by sperm aging, ova aging, and sperm × ova aging interaction were found in sperm penetration. Pronuclear formation was not affected by sperm aging and was enhanced by ova aging, and there was a significant effect of sperm × ova aging interaction. Sperm aging significantly influenced the prometaphase stage of the fertilization process. Therefore, it is suggested that the detrimental fertilization effects resulting from aging gametes are due to different mechanisms in sperm and ova, that these mechanisms are affected at different times, and that they affect different steps in the fertilization

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMammalian spermatozoa have been shown to possess cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (A‐PK) and endogenous substrate proteins for this enzyme. A study of the kinase system was undertaken to determine changes that may be associated with sperm maturation by comparing immature testicular with mature cauda epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa. Absolute activity levels of A‐PK, stimulated over a concentration range of 10−9to 10−5M, was significantly greater in testicular than ejaculated spermatozoa. At an optimal cAMP concentration (10−6M), testicular spermatozoa had significantly greater amounts of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase activity than did cauda or ejaculated spermatozoa. Electrophoretic analysis and autoradiography of NP‐40‐soluble protein extracts revealed the presence of two substrate proteins (Mr= 62,000 and 44,000) in all three types of spermatozoa. In addition, a phosphoprotein (Mr= 20,000) was detected in mature cauda and ejaculated but not immature testicular spermatozoa. The phosphorylation of these substrate proteins was both dose and time dependent. Examination of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity revealed significantly higher levels in testicular than ejaculated spermatozoa. These results indicate marked alterations in cAMP‐modulated protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation systems in ram spermatozoa during ep

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this study, swollen sperm heads were obtained after the injection of human sperm into the perivitelline space of hamster oocytes. The number of injected sperm and the sperm concentration in the preincubation medium were found to have an influcnce on the rate of penetrated hamster oocytes. The optimal injected sperm number was always between five to 12 to obtain 8, 37, and 36% penetration for donors A, B, and C, respectively. The optimal sperm concentration in preincubation medium was between 6 and 22 × 106sperm/ ml to obtain 16, 47, and 43% penetration for donors A, B, and C, respectively. The rate of polyspermic oocytes was related to the injected sperm number (0, 55, and 100% for one to four, five to 12, and more than 12 injected sperm respectively). Ten human mature oocytes were injected with the sperm from six normal donors. Five fertilized eggs were obtained, and of these four cleaved in in vitro culture

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe examined whether or not the sex of the fetuses of polytocous animals distributes randomly in the position along the uterine horn in 255 mouse litters. The fetal sex ratio did not differ significantly among the three intrauterine segments (ovarian, middle, and cervical). Based on the number of fetuses examined in this study, it can be stated that even if sex ratio differences exist among the segments, the ratio in individual segments would fall mostly inside the ±0.1 range, when the overall sex ratio (M/(M+F)) is around 0.5

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSpontaneous, continuous release of morphologically normal spermatozoa occurs in males of species of passerine (order Passeriformes) birds that were examined. It was demonstrated and studied quantitatively in temporarily captive and isolated house sparrows and house finches by means of repetitive cloacal lavages and extraction of excreta. It is suggested that this phenomenon could be exploited to facilitate comparative and quantitative evaluations of release of spermatozoa in relation to diverse environmental, physiological, and social factors.

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0148-7280    

DOI:10.1002/mrd.1120160111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY