摘要:

AbstractPrimary lymphomas of the central nervous system (CNS) may sometimes be associated with some immunological abnormalities, including renal or cardiac transplants, some congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies, immunoinflammatory diseases and immunosuppressive treatments. A relatively high incidence of cerebral lymphomas has been particularly noticed in renal or cardiac transplantation patients and in those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), two conditions which are today observed with increasing frequency. The different congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies associated with cerebral lymphomas and the pathogenetic connections between the two conditions are discussed from a large review of the literature.

ISSN:0161-6412    

DOI:10.1080/01616412.1989.11739851

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractSerum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and its isoenzyme CK-MB, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (HBDH), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were studied in 50 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. In 18 cases the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was also examined for total concentration of CK and CK-MB. The results were correlated with the degree of neurological deterioration, the angiographic spasm and prognosis. Concurrent increase of CK-MB, LDH and HBDH serum levels indicates a poor prognosis, whereas increase of GOT and GPT does not have clinical significance. High CK-MB levels in CSF were associated with the worst clinical evolution. However, increase of serum enzymes coincided in most cases with the appearance of the spasm. Monitoring of CK-MB, LDH and HBDH serum levels can be useful for following the evolution of the spasm and in predicting the outcome for patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage.

ISSN:0161-6412    

DOI:10.1080/01616412.1989.11739852

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractSeveral studies have detected oestrogen and progesterone receptors in meningioma specimens; recently we have also confirmed the presence of steroid receptors in cultured cells from meningiomas. This paper describes the oestrogen and progesterone receptor assay in cultured cells from 6 meningiomas and the influence of steroid hormones on the cell growth and morphology. Four (66%) of the 6 specimens were positive for both receptors. Growth of cultured cells from tumours without receptors is not appreciably modified by the addition of hormones; the cultured cells from tumours with positive receptors are not essentially influenced by oestrogen, whereas progesterone produces a rapid and marked suppression of the cell growth and modifies their form and adhesivity; also the addition of an oestrogen and progesterone blend produces growth suppression. A similar effect of the progesterone on the cultured cells has also been obtained in a specimen of malignant meningioma. The results of this study suggest that the modulation of progesterone levels may be of therapeutic usefulness, particularly in patients with recurrent malignant meningiomas.

ISSN:0161-6412    

DOI:10.1080/01616412.1989.11739853

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractSeven cerebral gliomas in short-term culture were studied by microspectrofluorometry and acridine orange staining to assess their nuclear content of single- and double-stranded DNA. Benign gliomas showed a diploid DNA pattern, whereas malignant gliomas revealed a higher frequency of DNA aneuploidy and hyperploidy. The content of single-stranded DNA remained relatively low in benign gliomas; however, that in malignant gliomas varied widely. After ACNU treatment, the double-stranded DNA histograms showed S-phase-specific accumulation in all cases but 1 with increasing concentrations of ACNU. The single-stranded DNA content decreased considerably in 2 cases, which responded well to chemotherapy and showed clinical amelioration.

ISSN:0161-6412    

DOI:10.1080/01616412.1989.11739854

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe anticonvulsant activity of a salt of valproic acid (VA), magnesium valproate (MgV), was assessed against amygdala-kindled seizures in rats. The anti-epileptic power of MgV was compared with that of sodium valproate (NaV). Kindling was obtained by delivering daily to one of the amygdalae a 2 s train of monophasic square-wave pulses (1 ms, 60 c.p.s., 100-130¼A) via chronically implanted electrodes. Magnesium valproate and NaV were tested once kindling was stabilized and the post-kindling threshold for generalized convulsions was determined. The drugs were administered intraperitoneally in doses ranging from 25 to 200 mg/kg. The injection/test interval was 30 min. Each animal received a single dose every 24 h. Magnesium valproate exhibited an anticonvulsant activity qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that of NaV. Statistically significant differences were not found between the two drugs with respect to the reduction of seizure severity and afterdischarge (AD) duration. The calculated ED50’s were 94.58 and 97.41 mg/kg for the suppression of generalized seizures, 176.96 and 129.26 mg/kg for the suppression of partial seizures, 275.96 and 224.13 mg/kg for the suppression of the local AD in the MgV and NaV treated groups, respectively.

ISSN:0161-6412    

DOI:10.1080/01616412.1989.11739855

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractMicrowave fixation in situ was used to assess regional glycogen and glucose stores in normal rat brain. Glycogen levels were highest in the cerebellum and pons/medulla (38.0 and 35.6 nmol/mg protein), and lowest in the striatum and cerebral cortex (17.4 and 23.6 nmol/mg protein respectively). Glucose concentrations paralleled glycogen, ranging from 5.9 to 10.8 nmol/mg protein. Glycogen, glucose, and lactate were measured during complete global ischaemia (decapitation) to assess regional differences in ischaemic metabolism. Those regions which in normal brain contain higher glycogen and glucose stores were found to maintain significantly higher levels of glycogen and glucose for at least 2 minutes of ischaemia. Lactate accumulated to highest levels after 30 minutes of ischaemia in those regions with highest glucose and glycogen stores. Lactate levels did not, however, rise above 90 nmol/mg protein in any brain region, a level well below that considered potentially neurotoxic. The data indicate considerable regional differences in normal and ischaemic glycogen metabolism that might contribute to known regional differences in vulnerability to global ischaemia.

ISSN:0161-6412    

DOI:10.1080/01616412.1989.11739856

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractVasogenic brain oedema is a concomitant of a wide variety of central nervous system lesions that have in common a disturbance of the blood-brain barrier permeability. Although it is well established that the formation and spread of this extracellular type of oedema is influenced directly by variations of systemic arterial pressure. the consequences of these events on local cerebral blood flow are not known. In the current experiments, vasogenic brain oedema was produced in rats by cold-injury lesions, and local cerebral blood flow measurements were made using a technique of14C-antipyrine quantitative autoradiography under pharmacologically controlled conditions of hypertension, hypotension, and normotension. Evidence is presented that the formation and spread of vasogenic brain oedema is accompanied by the development of a congruent zone of decreased local cerebral blood flow, and that the magnitude of this field of oedema/ischaemia is a direct function of systemic arterial pressure. These findings may have important clinical implications.

ISSN:0161-6412    

DOI:10.1080/01616412.1989.11739857

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe role of two phosphatases (acid and alkaline phosphatase) and a lysosomal aspartyl endopeptidase (cathepsin D) in producing rat brain oedema was studied in 3 different rat cerebral areas (i.e. frontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum) at 1, 2 and 3 d after vasogenic brain oedema induction. The percentage of water content in the frontal cortex increased immediately/ 1 d after oedema induction and remained high for 2 and 3 d after oedema induction. In the hippocampus and the striatum the water content only increases 3 d after oedema induction. In the oedematous hemisphere (right), when compared to the contralateral hemisphere (left), the acid phosphatase activity decreases in the hippocampus, while the alkaline phosphatase increases in the frontal cortex and striatum; cathepsin D increases only in the striatum. The changes caused by the enzymatic activities were significant only 2 and 3 d after oedema induction. The results of this study show that: (i) the vasogenic oedema induced in experimental conditions was not sufficient to cause a massive liberation of lysosomal enzymes and (ii) brain areas adjacent (below) to the site of the experimental oedematous lesion (frontal cortex) were influenced by oedema induction.

ISSN:0161-6412    

DOI:10.1080/01616412.1989.11739858

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIntracerebroventricular infusion of the competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoate (APH) was evaluated as a neuroprotective regimen in a rat transient cerebral ischaemia model allowing long-term recovery. Ventricular delivery of APH via an osmotic minipump was chosen to allow continuous and direct access to brain tissue of this polar molecule, and because of the potential applicability of such a regimen in clinical situations where the brain is at risk from cerebral ischaemia and a ventricular catheter is in place. The highest tolerable concentration of APH, 50 mM, was given at 1¼l/h. Selective neuronal necrosis was significantly reduced in the cerebral cortex and the incidence of infarction in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNPR) was decreased. A borderline protective effect was seen in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, and no significant protection was seen in the caudate nucleus. The results suggest a limited usefulness for APH as a cerebral protective agent.

ISSN:0161-6412    

DOI:10.1080/01616412.1989.11739859

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractNinety percent of cerebral aneurysms were diagnosed after their first rupture with consecutive subarachnoid haemorrhage. In order to detect the aneurysms before rupture investigation by transcranial Doppler sonography was used on the basis of intra-operative evaluation of the normal aneurysmal flow pattern. In 34 patients the directly registered aneurysmal flow pattern was characterized by mean velocities slower than in parent arteries, by low diastolic flow velocities and by additional peaks superimposed on the normal pulse curve. The transcranial investigation with a large sample volume which includes aneurysm and parent artery was not able to distinguish this aneurysmal flow pattern from the normal one. Only in large to giant aneurysms a pathological flow pattern could be recorded transcranially.

ISSN:0161-6412    

DOI:10.1080/01616412.1989.11739860

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor