ISSN:0039-3193    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9582.1991.tb00812.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this sketch is to provide the reader who is not familiar with Georgian with a brief introduction to Georgian grammatical structures and to illustrate some of the specific features of Georgian that are dealt with in some of the articles in this volume.

ISSN:0039-3193    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9582.1991.tb00813.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Kuipers (1960) proposed that Kabardian is contrastively vowel‐less, a hypothesis that has occasioned much controversy ever since, problematical as it is for suggested principles governing phonological systems. This proposal is reconsidered within the context of the suggestions concerning phonological notation put forward within Dependency Phonology. In terms of a framework which recognises that certain segments may be contrastively unspecified and that much else of phonological structure is non‐contrastive, it is concluded that Kuipers' hypothesis has some plausibility; and a formulation of the generalisations governing the distribution and character of vowel variants in Kabardian is offered, on the basis of the contrastive absence of vow

ISSN:0039-3193    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9582.1991.tb00814.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The North West Caucasian language, Kabardian, has become famous for its minimum vowel system, for the controversy concerning the analysis of its vowel phonemes, and for the central role of that analysis in phoneme theory generally and the laryngeal theory in particular. Phonetically, Kabardian is interesting for the extensive assimilation of its few vowel phonemes to the surrounding consonants. Two published descriptions of these assimilations are compared in this article, and the articulatory processes involved are reinterpreted in terms of gestures that shape and tune the vocal tract, as an alternative to the Bell model of vowel articulation. The assimilations are more complex than was expected, some vowel allophones not acquiring articulatory components present in the environments, others appearing to acquire components not present in the environments. It is suggested that this can be explained by the spectral ambiguity of some palatovelar and pharyngovelar (uvular) configurations.

ISSN:0039-3193    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9582.1991.tb00815.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Complement clause types include sentence‐like subordinate clauses with indicative and subjunctive verbs as well as verbal noun clauses. Megrelian lacks infinitives. The division between indicative and subjunctive complement clauses is shown to correlate with the distinction between Truth and Action modality complement

ISSN:0039-3193    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9582.1991.tb00816.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Voice is the main classificatory morphological category in the Kartvelian languages. Morphological patterns of verbs, types of conjugation, as well as syntactical constructions, are differentiated according to voice. In this respect, all the Kartvelian languages follow an essentially identical principle. Any deviation from this general principle constitutes a dialectal innovation, arising mainly on the basis of unification. The relative abundance of dialectal variants should be explained by the fact that in various dialects different forms undergo unification.

ISSN:0039-3193    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9582.1991.tb00817.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Synonym pairs like Caxton'scherité pat is luve,Georgiantatbiri da gamorĉeva‘counsel (Arabic) and advice (Georgian)’ andbed‐ivbali‘fate (Georgian)‐fate (Arabic)’ are found both in the bilingual speech of children and adults and in the monolingual usage of many cultures. Starting their life as the metalinguistic device of translation and nativization in bilingual contact, they soon can be identified with independently motivated forms of reinforcement, e. g. in medieval Georgian poetry. This functional reinterpretation leads to the dominance of other language functions in the Jakobsonian sense. Formally, the transition from a metalinguistic to a predominantly referential function via other functions is accompanied by a preference for neutral expressions (likecounsel and advice),and the last stage is reached when synonym pairs are lexicalized as compounds

ISSN:0039-3193    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9582.1991.tb00818.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In modern Georgian there exist pairs of words‐antonyms which designate spacial as well as temporal orientations:çin (a)‘front’‐ukan (a)‘back’ andzevit‘up’‐kvevit‘down’. Semantic analysis of these words has shown, that even while designating spacial (consequently, visual) orientation, they can be used with different meanings depending on the speaker's point of view, thus explaining the relativity of the designated notions. While designating temporal orientation, temporal and locative meanings of these words influence each other mutually which sometimes lead

ISSN:0039-3193    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9582.1991.tb00819.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The similarity in structure of vocative, imperative and interrogative forms of address in modern Georgian allows one to discuss nominal and verbal forms together. The similarities consist of: vowel‐ending and/or non‐monosyllabism in prepausal position. The close connection between these forms is best demonstrable in the Mokhevian dialect which shows specific nominal forms of address with the genitive case suffix‐isiresulting from ellipsis. Other Georgian dialects lack separate elements of this system. Cases of verb ellipsis in “parental self‐address” are als

ISSN:0039-3193    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9582.1991.tb00820.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A general semantic relation is the orientation to patient for transitive verb objects, and to agent for intransitive verb subjects, e. g. if we have the general meaning of ‘moving’ (intransitive semantics), and the subject isa man,the verb will begoes;for the subjecta bird,the verb becomesflies,and so on. When, however, the general meaning is intransitive (e. g. ‘creating’), the patient (and not the agent) influences the lexical form of the verb:a letter→to write, a picture→to draw, a house→

ISSN:0039-3193    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9582.1991.tb00821.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY