ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870110102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough sensory symptoms were not originally described in Parkinson's disease (PD), in recent years it has been increasingly recognized that painful sensations and paresthesias occur in ∼40% of patients. It has been our observation that PD patients often describe a sensation of internal tremor, a feeling of tremor inside the chest, abdomen, arms, or legs that cannot be seen. We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of internal tremor by administering a questionnaire to 100 consecutive patients with PD and 50 age‐matched controls seen in our movement disorders center. A sensation of internal tremor was present in 44% of this sample of PD patients and in 6% of the control population (p<0.0001). The presence of internal tremor was unrelated to Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score, Hoehn and Yahr stage, duration of disease, or the presence of observable tremor. The frequency of other sensory symptoms (aching, tingling, burning) was higher in the PD patients with internal tremor (73%) than in those without (45%;p= 0.005). Internal tremor is associated with anxiety in 64% of patients (p<0.0001). It was described as uncomfortable and was unrelieved by antiparkinsonian medication in three quarters of patients. A sensation of internal tremor is commonly reported by PD patients and should be recognized as a useful diagnostic factor in

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870110103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe used Mössbauer spectroscopy to study the iron content, the redox state, and the binding site of iron in substantia nigra (SN) from parkinsonian (PD) and control brains. Measurements performed on fresh‐frozen, formalin‐fixed, and lyophilized samples demonstrated the presence of ferric (Fe3+) iron only, both in PD and control SN. Ferrous iron, if present at all, may represent at most 5% of the total iron. We found no difference in the total amount of iron in SN between PD and control brains. The Mössbauer spectra observed at 4.1 K in fresh (frozen or lyophilized) samples were different from those obtained in formalin‐fixed (frozen or lyophilized) samples. In the fresh samples, only ferritin‐like iron was observed, whereas in the samples frozen or lyophilized from formalin, non‐ferritin iron w

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870110104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo clarify the role of heredity and of some environmental risk factors in the etiology of idopathic Parkinson's disease, we performed a case‐control study in two regions of southern Italy, Campania and Molise. We selected two controls for each parkinsonian patient, the patient's spouse and a sex‐ and age‐matched neurological control. One hundred sixteen consecutive outpatients with Parkinson's disease (77 men, 39 women; mean age ±SD= 62.5 ± 9.9) and the same number of spouses and neurological controls were interviewed about five environmental risk factors (cigarette smoking, well‐water drinking, head trauma with loss of consciousness, strict diets, general anesthesia) and two genetic risk factors (family history of Parkinson's disease or of essential tremor). Well‐water drinking and family history of Parkinson's disease or essential tremor showed a positive association with Parkinson's disease; smoking showed a negative association. The most relevant risk factor was history of familial Parkinson's disease (odds ratio = 14.6; 95% confidence interval = 7.2 − 29.6); 33% of our patients had at least one affected relative. We also showed a unilateral distribution of ancestral secondary cases on the paternal or on the maternal side, which suggests a dominant inheritance. Clinical and epidemiologic features of cases with familial Parkinson's disease showed no peculiarity. The study suggests a strong role of the genetic factors in the etiology of Parkin

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870110105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe defined the temporal stability characteristics of levodopa/carbidopa (LD/CD) solution, and determined the effects of temperature, ascorbate, and light on LD stability over 7 days. At room temperature and without ascorbate, LD levels significantly declined by 48 h. Ascorbate prolonged stability to 72 h. Refrigeration and freezing prevented a significant decline in LD levels for the full 7 days. Light or darkness had no effect on stability. LD/CD solution, if made daily, requires no special handling and longer stability is maintained with ascorbate, refrigeration, or freezing.

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870110106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe studied six patients affected with blepharospasm (BSP). We injected botulinum toxin (BTX) around only one eye and saline solution around the other. Clinical rating of BSP was performed. Single fiber electromyography (SFEMG), compound motor action potential (cMAP) at the orbicularis oculi muscle by stimulation of the facial nerve, blink reflex, and blink reflex recovery curve were recorded. All clinical and electrophysiological investigations were carried out before, and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment. Evidence of bilateral clinical benefit was provided. Following therapy, facial cMAP decreased bilaterally and SFEMG revealed statistically significant changes on both sides while the excitability curve of blink reflex remained unmodified. The results confirm that BTX affects merely the neuromuscular junctions. The clinical and neurophysiological effects are present on both sides also for unilateral injection probably because of toxin spreading.

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870110107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose was to determine if unmedicated, mildly affected patients with Parkinson's disease exhibited abnormality in the P3 component of the event‐related potential, and whether such abnormality differed between younger and older patients. The study evaluated 10 younger (mean age = 43.7 years) and 10 older (mean age = 64.4 years) unmedicated patient volunteers diagnosed with idiopathic PD during the past 4 years and equal numbers of age‐, gender‐, and education‐matched controls. The auditory oddball P3 was recorded, and P3 peak amplitude, peak latency, and the component score derived from principal components analysis were analysed. Neuropsychological measures focusing on frontal lobe and memory function were obtained. Although patients did not show neuropsychological deficits, they had significantly enlarged P3 amplitude measured at Cz (p<0.01) or Pz (p<0.01). The P3 amplitude abnormality among patients was not affected by age. Patient P3 latency was not prolonged. The results indicate that P3 amplitude may more sensitive than neuropsychological measures for detecting subtle brain dysfunction occurring early in PD. This measure has possible utility for detecting and tracking early disease. It is hypothesized that enlarged P3 amplitude reflects abnormality in use of at tentional resources to compensate for brain dysf

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870110108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn situ hybridization histochemistry was used to investigate the expression of striatal preproenkephalin and preprotachykinin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in rats with 6‐hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway followed 4 weeks later by implantation of foetal dopamine cells into the denervated striatum. Striatal dopamine deafferentation caused an (+)‐amphetamine‐induced rotational asymmetry, an increase in striatal preproenkephalin mRNA message, and a decrease in striatal preprotachykinin mRNA message relative to control animals. Two months after grafting a foetal ventral mesencephalon suspension, there was reversal of the rotational asymmetry to (+)‐amphetamine. At this time the increase in striatal preproenkephalin mRNA was significantly attenuated and the decrease in preprotachykinin mRNA was partially reversed compared to animals with a 6‐hydroxydopamine lesion alone. Subregional analysis showed the attenuation of the increase in preproenkephalin mRNA to occur in dorsolateral, dorsomedial and ventromedial, but not ventrolateral, striatal subdivisions. The partial reversal of the decreased preprotachykinin mRNA density after grafting was only statistically significant in the DM and VM subdivisions. These results demonstrate graft‐induced partial recovery of striatal function, as judged by preproenkephalin and preprotachykinin mRNA levels, within 2 months of tran

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870110109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe report five patients with Parkinson's disease and dysphagia who were found, by radiological and manometric evaluation, to have evidence of cricopharyngeal dysfunction, which included the presence of a Zenker's diverticulum in two. Cricopharyngeal myotomy was performed in four patients with excellent and sustained improvement in swallowing. We conclude that cricopharyngeal function should be carefully evaluated in patients with Parkinson's disease and dysphagia and that surgical treatment should be considered in appropriate cases.

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870110110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConcentrations of major catabolites of dopamine were followed in the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in five patients undergoing intracranial pressure monitoring for chronic hydrocephalus. Determinations were made every 2 h following the administration of carbidopa/levodopa 25/250 mg (one Sinemet capsule) given 8h apart. The rise of homovanillic acid (HVA) concentrations was slow and progressive, reaching the level of statistical significance (p ≤ 0.01) only 8 h after the second administration of Sinemet. The rise in 3,4‐dihydroxy‐phenylacetic acid (DOPAC) was faster than the rise in HVA, with the peak value detected 4 h after the first administration of Sinemet. These data are interpreted as a confirmation, in humans, of a slow pool of exogenous levodopa, previously demonstrated in animal st

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870110111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY