ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870030101

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870030102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870030103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870030104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between trauma and the development of Parkinson's disease has been an issue in neurology since James Parkinson's initial 1817 essay. This paper will delineate the historical development of the concept of trauma as an etiologic agent in Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism. The strong influence of socioeconomic societal forces in the 1870s with regard to liability lawas and the subsequent acceptance in the medical community of the role of peripheral trauma in producing Parkinson's disease is presented. We will also review present‐day criteria for assigning head trauma an etiologic role in parkinsonism. The discussion will stress current knowledge regarding trauma and parkinsonism, and it will also review the issues of the possible role of the current litigious society's influence on determining a role for trauma in Parkinson's diseas

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870030105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn an open‐label study, we substituted conventional levodopa plus benserazide: 100/25 (Madopar) with a controlled‐release form (HBS) in 18 fluctuating parkinsonian patients for 24 months. Significantly positive results were obtained in both peak‐dose and diphasic dyskinesias up to 12 months of treatment; morning akinesias were also improved up to 6 months. A general trend of deterioration, compared to the first 3–6 months of HBS treatment, was observed in “off” fluctuations after 1 year: akinesias due to a delayed response worsened after 1 year of treatment also when compared with the conventional treatment. Positive results were obtained with new HBS on standard Madopar‐related psychiat

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870030106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe reviewed the records of 358 patients with various forms of focal, segmental, and generalized dystonia who had received pharmacotherapy in a systematic order, beginning with anticholinergics. If no benefit was encountered, we then tested clonazepam, baclofen, and other agents sequentially. In each situation the dosage was gradually increased until benefit or troublesome adverse effects were encountered. In this manner we obtained data on the percentage of patients who showed moderate to marked benefit. Anticholinergics were the most beneficial agent, confirming previous reports. Statistical analysis of this response revealed that benefit from anticholinergics was most likely if treatment was begun within 5 years after the onset of dystonia. From this analysis, it appears that delaying treatment beyond 5 years is likely to result in an unsatisfactory response.

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870030107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have studied the orbicularis oculi reflex to paired stimuli in patients with various forms of focal dystonia and in normal controls. In normals, the conditioning stimulus (CS) facilitated the test stimulus (TS) early response (R1), but markedly inhibited the TS polysynaptic late response (R2). In all types of dystonias studied the CS facilitated the TSR1 as in normals. However, in patients with blepharospasm (alone or associated with oromandibular dystonia), spasmodic torticollis, or spasmodic dysphonia, it inhibited the TSR2 significantly less than that of the controls, with marked enhancement of the recovery curve of the late response. The TSR2 recovery curve of patients with focal arm dystonia was normal. These results are indicative of increased brainstem interneuron excitability in the various dystonias mediated by the cranial nerves, but not in focal arm dystonias such as dystonic writer's cramp. This abnormality might be caused by an abnormal input possibly from the basal ganglia upon these brainstem cells. Our results also suggest that a similar pathophysiology underlies the various focal dystonias of the head and neck.

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870030108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe report on three cases of a novel syndrome associated with treatment for psoriasis with the retinoid etretinate. The distinctive features of this syndrome include rigidity that is restricted to the axial muscles, impairment of neck extension greater than flexion, impairment of anteflexion at the waist, severe impairment of lateral flexion at both the waist and the neck, and, in one case, rigidity of proximal lower extremity muscles. Peripheral nerve block extinguished the lower extremity rigidity in one patient, and two patients had a favorable response to Sinemet. One patient had persistence of symptoms and findings 2 years after discontinuation of etretinate. The clinical features of this syndrome are consistent with an effect of etretinate on central, possible catecholaminergic neurons.

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870030109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe DDT syndrome in rats consists of tremor, myoclonus, running seizures, hyperthermia, episodic boxing, and excessive grooming. DDT did not change whole‐brain glycine levels when the rats had stimulus‐sensitive myoclonus, spontaneous myoclonus, or seizures. However, regional analysis showed a decrease in glycine levels in the pons and medulla initially, but they rose again despite worsening of the myoclonus. Glycine given intraventricularly and the glycine prodrug, milacemide, given intraperitoneally suppressed DDT‐induced myoclonus. A dose of milacemide that prevented DDT‐induced myoclonus caused a significant increase in glycine levels in cortex, septum accumbens, cerebellum, striatum, hypocampus, diencephalon, midbrain, pons, and medulla. The increase was most marked in the forebrain structures. There was no change in serine levels in these areas. These data suggest that the glycinergic system may be playing an important role in the manifestation of DDT‐induced

ISSN:0885-3185    

DOI:10.1002/mds.870030110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY