ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The literature on cardiovascular imaging over the past year encompasses cross-sectional imaging, especially transesophageal echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging, chest radiography, angiography, and catheter interventional techniques. The newest modality to be reported is transesophageal echocardiography, which has become possible in children with the development of smaller endoscopic probes. Further experience with magnetic resonance imaging has been reported in the last year. The fields of plain chest radiographic diagnosis and cardiac angiography are relatively inactive, with the exception of reports describing some useful projections for specific cardiovascular lesions. Further innovations in interventional cardiovascular techniques include laser-assisted balloon pulmonary valvotomy for pulmonary atresia and the application of balloon expandable intravascular stents for a variety of obstructive lesions. The field of pediatric cardiovascular imaging is diverse, and significant progress is being made.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review first discusses congenital malformations of the lung. Computed tomography, real-time ultrasonography, and color Doppler imaging are very helpful in diagnosing pulmonary sequestration. This lesion can regress spontaneously. Lobar emphysema can also be managed nonoperatively with good long-term results. Other articles emphasize the value of ultrasonography in diagnosing diseases of the larynx and the importance of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of thymic masses and of tracheal compression by the innominate artery. Interventional radiology is represented by papers on percutaneous aspiration of lung abscesses and balloon dilatation of tracheobronchial strictures in neonates and infants. Several articles on the radiologic aspects of neonatal chest are analyzed, describing the use of digital radiography in a neonatal intensive care unit, late pulmonary sequelae of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and new radiologic features of anterior pneumothorax. Other topics treated include tracheal calcifications secondary to warfarin therapy, middle lobe syndrome in asthmatics, and the radiologic features of some masses such as pulmonary blastoma, Askin tumor, and mediastinal pancreatic pseudocysts.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Advances in musculoskeletal radiology in pediatrics occur mainly by constant review of imaging techniques and testing of new against old. Many new observations are made by chance by alert physicians who then prospectively or retrospectively test their hypotheses in groups of patients. This year's publications reflect both approaches and stress the benefit of long-term follow-up of common problems. The papers on congenital dislocation of the hip, magnetic resonance imaging, nonaccidental injury, and accidental trauma exemplify these approaches. Good review articles have been published this year on the skeletal manifestations of endocrine disease and on chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. Other subjects reviewed include common and esoteric problems of children's bones such as infection, tumors, and skeletal dysplasias.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A variety of imaging studies in evaluation of the acute abdomen, hepatic transplantation, congenital and acquired anomalies of the biliary tree and pancreas, anorectal anomalies, and abdominal trauma, are surveyed. The spectrum of findings in chronic granulo-matous disease of the esophagus and Crohn's disease of the bowel is also presented. Measurements of muscle thickness in infants with pyloric stenosis and in normal infants are described, with attention directed to problems in diagnosis. Current literature on controversial topics such as the use of low-osmolality agents or barium in the gastrointestinal tract and air versus barium enemas for intussusception reduction is also surveyed.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Many important advances were made in 1990 and 1991 in pediatric urinary tract imaging. Topics of interest are presented in this review in a challenging was so that thoughtful advances can continue. Old topics ccongenital anomalies and new the work-up of subclinical bydronephrosis meld together in the literature. The good news about pediatric imaging is that the questions remain the same, but the answers change. This paper discusses 1) perinatal and neonatal urinary imaging, 2) work-up of the most common renal tumor in childhood, the Wilms' tumor, and 3) the precise evaluation of congenital anomalies.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Malaria is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in the tropics, and the number of cases acquired by Western travelers is increasing. The vast majority of malaria deaths are due to Plasmodium falciparum, and every widely used antimalarial agent has encountered resistant strains of this parasite. Insecticide-treated bed nets may be the best way of preventing malaria deaths in hyperendemic areas. Treatment policy for uncomplicated malaria depends on local circumstances, but because chloroquine resistance is now extremely widespread, parenteral quinine is the drug of choice for the treatment of severe malaria; intramuscular dosage regimens are being developed to facilitate its use in the rural tropics. Specific treatment of cerebral malaria is hampered by our poor understanding of its pathogenesis, although new information about molecular mechanisms of parasite sequestration and the role of cytokines may lead to new forms of therapy. There has been debate about the clinical implications of the moderately raised intracranial pressure that occurs in childhood cerebral malaria; more data are needed to settle this issue.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A large number of excellent papers on respiratory infections in children have been published in the year ending in August 1991. This review includes those of particular interest to the pediatrician, but inevitably, the selection process involves a degree of personal bias.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Early diagnosis is of paramount importance in the management of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and acute septic arthritis. Premature infants and immunocompromised children are particularly at risk. IgG subclass deficiencies have been demonstrated in some children with acute bone and joint infections, and neutrophil dysfunction seen in chronic granulomatous disease predisposes patients to infection with unusual organisms. Antibiotic therapy should be modified according to patient response. Shorter courses of antibiotic therapy have been shown to be just as effective as the more traditional 6-week courses. Early surgical drainage of septic arthritis of the hip is essential to avoid potential joint destruction. Chronic multifocal osteomyelitis remains a poorly understood disorder that is resistant to most therapies. In cases of septic arthritis resistant to therapy, foreign-body synovitis should be considered as an alternative diagnosis.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID