ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty percent of infants will wheeze in the early years of life. Of these, two thirds of cases are due to structural characteristics, and the wheeze will cease with growth. One third of cases continue and manifest as childhood asthma. Another 10% of children develop asthma after the first few years of life. Viral infections may have a biphasic influence on asthma, with asthma and atopy more likely in the relative absence of early infections but with attacks commonly precipitated by these infections once asthma is present.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Neonatal infection still carries a high mortality and morbidity. The spectrum of infection is broad and includes congenital syphilis and viral infections. Sadly, nosocomial infection is common, particularly due to coagulase negative staphylococci. Very low birth weight infants are at high risk, particularly following prolonged central venous catheterization; continuous low-dose vancomycin may offer a solution to this important problem. Early identification of infected infants can be facilitated by measurement of interleukin-6 levels. The premature newborn, deficient in white cells and humoral immunity, is at high risk of infection; treatment rather than prophylaxis of such patients with immunoglobulin is efficacious. Exciting new management strategies appear to be the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to enhance neutrophilia and zidovudine to reduce vertical transmission of HIV infection.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Knowledge about the role of viruses in encephalitis and other diseases of the central nervous system has been greatly expanded since the advent of polymerase chain reaction testing. It is known that the spectrum of disease caused by herpes simplex virus, for example, is much wider than was previously recognized. Evidence is mounting that infectious agents may have a causative role in diseases such as recurrent febrile seizures and Rasmussen encephalitis. This review examines the recent advances in treating viral encephalitis and puts these developments into perspective.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent reports have substantiated claims that the clinical spectrum of falciparum malaria is different in African children as compared with nonimmune adults. The SPf66 vaccine has been tried in African children with varying success, but only insecticide-treated bed nets have reduced the mortality. Developments in ancillary treatment may reduce the morbidity and mortality of severe falciparum malaria.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

By 1995, measles, mumps, and rubella were eliminated from Finland, acellular vaccines for pertussis were showing great promise, and the global eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000 looked possible. The meningococcus was replacingHaemophilus influenzaetype b as the main cause of childhood meningitis, and 75 countries were vaccinating their children against hepatitis B. The United States recommended varicella vaccination for children, effective vaccines were available for hepatitis A, and new vaccines for rotavirus and cholera were being tested; malaria and HIV offer a continuing challenge.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A rapidly accelerating number of transplantations of hematopoietic stem cells from human umbilical cord blood have been performed for malignancies and for congenital disorders. Umbilical cord blood presents multiple advantages over bone marrow as a source of stem cells. Harvesting presents no donor risk or discomfort, the product carries less likelihood of infectious disease transmission, and collection can be targeted to include minority groups underrepresented in bone marrow donor registries. Furthermore, the interval from initiation of a search to the transplantation procedure has been much shorter than for bone marrow, and the lack of mature T lymphocytes in cord blood reduces the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease in transplant recipients. Potential problems under current investigation include whether cord blood provides a sufficient quantity of stem cells for adult recipients or an effective level of “graft-versus-leukemia” effect.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Bone marrow failure in the pediatric patient places the hematologist at the junction of clinical medicine, cellular biology, and molecular genetics. The pathophysiology of these disorders is rapidly being elucidated in many laboratories. Treatments such as bone marrow transplantation and the nascent modality of gene therapy are firmly grounded in these modern sciences. This year's progress in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of a wide variety of predominantly pediatric bone marrow failure states is a direct result of the union between the “laboratory bench and the patient bedside.”

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hereditary disorders represent a very heterogenous group of diseases affecting the hematopoietic system. Bone marrow transplantation is the treatment of choice for immunodeficiencies, mucopolysaccharidosis, thalassemia, Fanconi's anemia, osteopetrosis, and other rare disorders. Indications for bone marrow transplantation are well known when an HLA-identical sibling is identified. Results of alternative donor transplantations are still under investigation. Recently, progress has been made in the analysis of the mechanism of the diseases at the molecular level and in the identification of gene mutations. Clinical implications of these discoveries might modify the future indications for bone marrow transplantation.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Patients with immunodeficiency disorders, including children infected with HIV type 1, are at increased risk to develop a malignancy. Although the exact incidence is not clear, an excess of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, soft tissue tumors, and, in the case of adolescent girls, cervical carcinomas, has been reported in HIV-infected children. Kaposi's sarcoma is rare in children as compared with HIV-infected adults. To understand the pathogenesis of these disorders, one must take into account the multiple interactions between the immunodeficient host, the cytokine dysregulations, and the concurrent infection with many, potentially oncogenic, viruses. Treatment is often complicated by multiple HIV-associated organ dysfunctions as well as drug interactions and infectious complications secondary to severe immunosuppression. Nonetheless, preliminary results with dose-intensive short-duration chemotherapeutic regimens have been encouraging, and HIV-infected children who develop cancer are likely to benefit from antineoplastic therapy and supportive care.

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID