ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A live varicella vaccine has been licensed in Japan, Korea, some European countries, and the United States. Susceptible children can receive varicella vaccine at 12 to 18 months of age, and those who lack a reliable history of chickenpox should be immunized between 11 and 12 years of age. Susceptible children 13 years of age or older should receive two doses at least 1 month apart. Varicella vaccine administered under routine conditions has been proved to be highly effective. Varicella immunization has induced long-term humoral and cellular immunity. The varicella vaccine can be given in immunocompromized children, including children with leukemia and bone marrow transplantation recipients, when immune function recovers. Inactivated varicella vaccine can also reduce morbidity due to varicella zoster virus reactivation in high-risk populations. Curr Opin Pediatr 1999, 11:3–8

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A rotavirus vaccine was recently licensed by the Food and Drug Administration and is likely to be recommended for use in all infants by both the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the American Academy of Pediatrics. If used as recommended, the vaccine is likely to prevent much of the 500,000 physician visits, 50,000 hospitalizations, and 20 to 40 deaths caused by rotavirus infections every year in the United States. An understanding of the biology, immunology, and pathogenesis of rotavirus infection will help to explain the strengths and limitations of the rotavirus vaccine. Curr Opin Pediatr

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Multiple agents for the treatment and prevention of viral illnesses have been developed during the past few years. While in many cases this has been in direct response to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 epidemic, a number of new antiviral agents are relevant to the practice of general pediatrics. This article reviews recent advances in the therapy of some common and a few unusual viral illnesses of children. The indication and efficacy of the newly developed agents valacyclovir, famciclovir, cidofovir, oral and intraocular ganciclovir, adefovir, respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin, palivizumab, and imiquimod are discussed, as well new uses of acyclovir, lamivudine, and ribavirin. Many of the antivirals discussed, including valacyclovir and cidofovir, nave not yet been studied in children, but they hold promise for improving the treatment of pediatric viral infections. Curr Opin Pediatr 1999,

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Success in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors has lagged behind that of other pediatric cancers. This paper highlights many of the advances that have taken place over the past few years in the surgical, radiotherapeutic; and chemotherapeutic approaches to central nervous system lesions that we hope will lead to a dramatic improvement in outcome. Innovations in neurosurgical and radiotherapeutic techniques have resulted in decreasing toxicity although substantial improvement in cure rates has not been observed. Many new techniques such as gene therapy, angiogenesis inhibitors, immunotherapy, and others that have not been part of the classic approach to these lesions are now in clinical trials in the hope that they will impact on the survival of these patients. The scientific basis for these new treatment modalities and preliminary clinical results are discussed. Curr Opin in Pediatr 1998, 11:39–46

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fungal infections have emerged as one of the most significant complications of antineoplastic therapy and marrow transplantation in children. Morbidity and mortality associated with fungal infections are high. Recent trends indicate that the incidence and spectrum of fungal infections are increasing, partly because of the increase in the number of children receiving intensive chemotherapy and marrow transplantation, but also because of the successful management of bacterial and viral infections. Though many factors may contribute to risk for developing a fungal infection, prolonged neutropenia is the most important. Until recently, options for antifungal therapy were limited. Advances include less toxic formulations of amphotericin B and an expanding armamentarium of azotes as well as new antifungal compounds. This review addresses the therapeutic options available for treatment of fungal infections in immunocompromised Children. Curr Opin Pediatr 1999, 10:47–55

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thromboembolic events are an increasingly common secondary complication in children who are successfully treated for serious, life-threatening primary diseases. In contrast to adults, thromboembolic events are rare enough in children to hinder clinical trials assessing optimal use of antithrombotic agents. Currently, pediatric patients are treated according to guidelines extrapolated from adults. However, optimal prevention and treatment of thromboembolic events in children likely differs from such treatment for adults. The following review summarizes the available information on commonly used antithrombotic agents in children, which include standard heparin, low molecular heparin, oral anticoagulants, thrombofytic therapy, antiplatetet agents, antithrombin concentrates, and protein C concentrates. The mechanisms, dosing, monitoring, therapeutic range, factors influencing dose-response relationship, and side effects are discussed. Curr Opin Pediatr 1999.11:56–64

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8703    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID