ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198001)36:1<5::AID-JCLP2270360102>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn view of the absence of a unitary definition of schizophrenic thinking, and, consequently, of a single, objective diagnostic technique for its measurement, it was decided to study the relative effectiveness of a number of highly structured (objective) testing procedures that are accepted clinically as possessing some validity in the detection of such thinking. Five generally used, objective tests of schizophrenic thinking (Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking, Shipley‐Hartford Intelligence Scale, Gorham Proverbs Test, Goldstein‐Scheerer Object Sorting Test, and the Similarities and Comprehension subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) were administered to 36 nonschizophrenic and 23 schizophrenic patients (as classified by the New Haven Schizophrenic Index). Results indicated that despite greater intratest correlations, moderate relationships were found among three of the five techniques, indepedent of whether they measured general or specific deficit, active or passive thinking, and/or positive or negative symptoms. Discriminant analysis indicated that the most accurate and economical combinations of techniques in the differential diagnosis of schizophrenic thinking, for a homogeneous, mildly to moderately impaired hospital population, would be a combination of a measure of generalized deficit and a measure of positive sympt

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198001)36:1<79::AID-JCLP2270360103>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious studies have noted that a considerable proportion of suicidal behavior is impulsive. The present study aimed to ascertain the degree to which this was so and to consider whether impulsive attempters differed from nonimpulsive attempters on variables such as demographic and motivational factors and cireumstances that surrounded the occurrence of the act. Based on a criterion of less than 5 minutes' premeditation, 40% of two large, consecutive series were judged to have acted impulsively. While few variables differentiated between the two groups, impulsive attempters were less depressed, motivated by the desire to reduce tension, more likely to consider that they would survive, and to report that someone saw them perform the act.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198001)36:1<90::AID-JCLP2270360104>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCompared effects of foreperiod (FP) duration on time estimation (TE) and reaction time (RT). There was no difference between schizophrenics (N= 20) and nonschizophrenics (N= 20) with respect to the effect of FP duration or with respect to the effect of change in FP duration. Prior information about FP duration nullified these two effects on schizophrenics' TE and had a detrimental effect on their RT. Alcoholics' TE and RT were affected little by such prior information. Suppression of preparation by expectancy was shown to be a possible characteristic of schizophrenia.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198001)36:1<94::AID-JCLP2270360105>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMental health professionals have been described as biased in the evaluation of mental illness, almost always in favor of illness, If a professional bias does exist, two factors could be responsible‐situational expectancies and/or professional training. Undergraduate students (N= 32) and psychiatric residents (N= 16) listened to four recorded interviews. Two levels of mental illness expectancy were obtained by changing the context of the interviews. TheSs rated the interviewees on scales of psychopathology and recorded their impression of the interviewees. Multivariate and univariate analyses of variance and x2tests were used to evaluate the data. Evidence indicated that the bised perception of mental illness occurred for allSs when mental illness expectancies were high. The data also indicated that residents are not more inclined than students to label people mentally il

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198001)36:1<99::AID-JCLP2270360106>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdministered three personality tests to four groups (N= 74): (1) individuals who subjectively defined their marriages as good; (2) individuals who were undergoing marriage counseling; (3) individuals who had filed for divorce, but had not yet been to court; and (4) individuals who had been divorced between 6 and 12 months. These groups were selected to represent the various stages of the divorce process and thus constituted a cross‐sectional design. Results indicated intensified feelings of depression, anxiety, and hositility as one entered marriage counseling. These feelings were maintained through the period of attaining the divorce; however, by the sixth to twelfth month after the divorce most of these negative feelings had disappeare

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198001)36:1<105::AID-JCLP2270360107>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInvestigated the relationship of sex role in 136Ss as measured by the Bem Sex Role Inventory to measures of self‐concept and overt anxiety. Persons who rated themselves low in both masculine and feminine attributes were found to have significantly poorer self‐concepts than both androgynous and masculineSs, which suggests that this group should be distinguished from high‐high scorers labeled as androgynous. There was no significant difference in self‐concept between masculine and androgynousSs, and the masculine group reported significantly lower levels of anxiety. These findings support a previous contention that it is the presence of masculine attributes rather than a balance of masculinity and femininity that is crucial to personal adj

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198001)36:1<111::AID-JCLP2270360108>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIncreasedSs' self‐reported daydreaming as measured by the Daydreaming Frequency scale of the Imaginal Processes Inventory. Thirty‐nine female undergraduates were assigned to one of four treatment groups. The treatments consisted of being presented with either a positive or neutral talk about the value of daydreaming and training vs. no training in the use of imagery. In addition, eachScompleted questionnaires that assessed level of depression, control of imagery, locus of control, and attitudes toward daydreaming. There was a significant increase (p<0.001) in daydreaming from pretest to posttest. A 6‐month follow‐up of 32 of the 39Ss indicated that the increase was still maintained (p<0.05). Changes in the responses to the questionnaires after the treatment procedure were also reflective of a more positive approach to dayd

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198001)36:1<116::AID-JCLP2270360109>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractContrasted good and poor interpersonal problem‐solvers (N= 60), as defined by the Means‐Ends‐Problem‐Solving Procedure (MEPS), on indices of psychopathological characteristics, as measured by the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory (MMCI). The results suggest some support for a relationship between performance on the MEPS and psychological adjustment indices (MMCI); however, they do not offer an unambiguous interpretation. Significant differences were found between poor problem‐solvers in contrast to good problem‐solvers in the direction of relatively more maladjustment for poor problem‐solvers. Significant differences were found between black‐white good problem‐solvers and also between black‐white poor problem‐solvers. Race may be an important moderator variable in performance on both

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198001)36:1<121::AID-JCLP2270360110>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe measurement of psychological states requires an entirely different technology from the classical personality inventory assessments of psychological traits. Since the internal and external conditions of life change constantly measurements of psychological states must reflect such change. Differences in the requirements of state vs. trait measurement are discussed. Problems of naming, labelling, describing, defining, and interpretation are discussed in relation to psychological theory. Questions of item and factor homogeneity vs. heterogeneity, factor scale length and factor composition across occasions and times were investigated in pilot studies connected with the standardization of the Intergration Level Test Series. Finally, important questions are raised about deductive clinical reasoning and the use of factorial results to validate psychological theories.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198001)36:1<127::AID-JCLP2270360111>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY