摘要:

AbstractOne of the most important role‐defining functions of the clinical psychologist is personality assessment. Because of the wide range of personality assessment instruments available, there is a need for the clinician to be aware of their relative strengths and weaknesses. This article discusses the extent to which our present‐day tests of personality and theories of personality are helpful in guiding the clinician to meaningful conclusions and predictions. Indirect methods of assessment, such as the Rorschach and TAT, encourage the subject's free and open‐ended response to a small number of ambiguous stimuli so as to circumvent the subject's censorship of responses. To varying degrees, indirect methods have suffered from difficulties in establishing acceptable scoring systems and standardized norms. Direct measures, such as the MMPI, limit freedom of expression and assess fewer, but more clearly defined variables. Well‐defined and objective scoring and interpretation are considered major advantages of direct over indirect methods. However, direct methods are not without disadvantages. Some important concerns are limitations in subject's self‐knowledge, falsification of responses, and the development of resp

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198901)45:1<5::AID-JCLP2270450102>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198901)45:1<20::AID-JCLP2270450103>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn an attempt to clarify the components of coping that relate to psychopathology, this study evaluated the simultaneous contribution of coping ability and coping actually executed, as well as the independent contribution of each, to psychopathology. Ninety female college students served as the primary sample, while an additional sample of 90 female college students served as the cross‐validation sample. Each subject completed the MMPI and two versions of the Ways of Coping Checklist. Findings suggest that, while coping actually executed and coping ability show substantial overlap, both components of coping independently contribute unique variance to psychopathology. Implications for coping research and theory are discusse

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198901)45:1<28::AID-JCLP2270450104>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198901)45:1<36::AID-JCLP2270450105>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study used IQ, along with measures of premorbid adjustment, health‐sickness, symptom level, diagnostic severity and demographic data, to predict to 2‐year outcome measures of level of functioning, health‐sickness, and symptoms for a sample of 145 adult psychiatric first‐admissions. It was hypothesized that IQ as an indicator of cognitive ability, or of general ability to adapt, would predict positively to improvement over the 2‐year period. Data analysis was conducted with bivariate correlations and multiple regressions, using both absolute‐level and residualized outcome variables. IQ showed modest, significant relationships with all absolute outcome indices and six of seven residualized measures, especially for a subsample of those with non‐average IQ scores. Regressions showed that IQ provided independent prediction of sym

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198901)45:1<37::AID-JCLP2270450106>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBased on self‐rating questionnaire evaluation of symptoms of major affective disorder, 67% of patients who presented to a major sleep disorders center reported an episode of depression within the previous 5 years, and 26% described themselves as depressed at presentation. Furthermore, patients with sleep apnea, narcolepsy, or sleep‐related periodic leg movements all averaged high rates of self‐reported depressive symptomatology, which suggests that sleep disorders should be considered in the differential diagnosis of affective disorders, and vice versa. Change scores on the Profile of Mood States were obtained for four subgroups of patients who were undergoing conventional treatment. Significant improvement in scores was observed in obstructive sleep apneics treated surgically and in patients with sleep‐related periodic leg movements placed on clonazepam, but not in narcoleptics placed on a stimulant or in insomniacs with chronic use of sedative‐hypnotic drugs who were withdrawn from sleep medications. Differential improvement in POMS scores after treatment for different sleep disorders could mean that the relationship to mood disturbance differs for different sleep

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198901)45:1<51::AID-JCLP2270450107>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty‐one eating‐disordered (ED) women and 11 normal women completed tests of sex‐role identity, dysfunctional cognitions, and body image. Anorexics, not bulimics, exhibited body‐image distortion. All EDs (distorters and nondistorters) showed “hyperfeminine” identifications. Maladaptive cognitions were present in all EDs, but more marked in “overestimators.” Body weight predicted BID better than other measures of eating pathology, which suggests important effects of weight per se i

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198901)45:1<61::AID-JCLP2270450108>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA 36‐item symptom checklist (the HSCL‐36) was assembled and assessed based on previous factor‐analytic research with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist‐90 (HSCL‐90), which had focused on outpatients. Acute psychiatric inpatients (N= 243) completed the HSCL‐36 after admission to a university hospital. The responses were factor analyzed using a principal axis extraction. Varimax rotation yielded six interpretable factors, for which factorbased subscales were derived. Five of the six subscales were found to be reliable using coefficient alpha. Results are compared with studies that used self‐report symptom checklists with outpatients. Future directions for research

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198901)45:1<66::AID-JCLP2270450109>3.0.CO;2-W

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe psychological characteristics of civilians (N= 26) with a post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were investigated in order to determine whether the assessment and diagnostic decision rules developed using the MMPI with combat‐related PTSD apply to civilian‐related PTSD. The results indicate that there are substantial differences between the two PTSD populations and that further research is warranted to delineate other qualitative and quantitative as

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198901)45:1<72::AID-JCLP2270450110>3.0.CO;2-W

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVietnam veterans with post‐traumatic stress disorder (n= 11) and two other groups of Vietnam veterans (n= 24) instructed to fabricate symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder completed the MMPI. A discriminant function analysis that used scale F and the post‐traumatic stress disorder subscale correctly classified 91% of the subjects. This systematic replication supports the utility of the MMPI as a component in evaluating the validity of selfreported symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder in Vietnam v

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198901)45:1<76::AID-JCLP2270450111>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY