摘要:

AbstractDiscussed evidence and assumptions that concern hemispheric laterality and asymmetrical functional representation. It is hypothesized that the asymmetrical linguistic‐motor vs. sensory‐spatial‐affective representation of function may be a result of differential rates of cortical, subcortical and spinal motor‐sensory maturation. Evidence with regard to embryological and early postnatal neurological development is reviewed. It is argued that motor areas mature before sensory and that the left hemisphere develops prior to the right, such that the left hemisphere gains a competitive advantage in the acquisition of motor representation, whereas the later maturing right has an advantage in the establishment of sensory‐affective synaptic representation, including that of limbic mediation. The influences of these differing maturational events on cognitive and psychic functioning are examined, particularly with regard to limbic influences on the development of language, thought, and mental imagery, and the effects of early emotional experience on later behavior. Thinking is viewed in part as a left hemisphere internalization of egocentric language, the internalization of which corresponds to the increasing maturation of intra‐cortical and subcortical structures and fiber pathways, and the myelination of the callosal connections that subserve information transfer between the hemispheres. It is argued that thought is a means of organizing, interpreting, and explaining impulses that arise in the non‐linguistic portions of the nervous system so that the language dependent regions may achieve understanding. In addition, the neurodynamics and mechanisms involved in the mislabeling, misinterpretation, and inhibition of impulses, desires, and emotional expression are discussed in relation to disturbances in psychi

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1<4::AID-JCLP2270380102>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProcess schizophrenics, reactive schizophrenics, neurotics, and alcoholics (N= 80) estimated the duration of a dark dot that followed an auditory warning signal of variable duration. The duration of the warning signal constituted foreperiod (FP). The effect of FP duration on time estimation (TE) was an increasing one for allSs, and schizophrenics were indistinguishable from nonschizophrenics. Similarly, there was no group difference with respect to the effect of preceding foreperiod (PFP). Prior time information (TI) in terms of the correlation between the pitch of the warning signal and FP duration eliminated the effects of FP and FP change for schizophrenics. As for neurotics, such prior TI accentuated the effect of decrease of FP duration and attenuated the effect of increase of FP duration. The multi‐level conceptualization of time is proposed in order to establish the distinction between regression in time and regression of time. Neurosis is regarded as involving regression in time; schizophrenia is regarded as involving regression of tim

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1<34::AID-JCLP2270380103>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious attempts to differentiate brain‐damaged from schizophrenic patients largely have been inconsistent when employing various methods derived from the MMPI. Russell developed an MMPI key for this purpose that is based on an explicit rationale of differential MMPI test performance for these populations. The present study used this MMPI key in an attempt to distinguish 20 brain‐damaged, 21 schizophrenic and 24 clinically depressedSs. The results demonstrated that the key has some clinical utility in making the distinction between brain damage and schizophrenia; however, it performed poorly in correctly classifying the depressed

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1<39::AID-JCLP2270380104>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExamined the relationship between overinclusion and manic symptomatology in 46 schizophrenics using a reliable, structured research interview to assess symptomatology, and research diagnostic criteria to identify a subgroup of schizophrenics with concurrent manic syndromes. Of the three measures of overinclusive thinking employed in the study, only one significantly differentiated the schizoaffective and schizophrenic groups. Similarly, only one overinclusion test was correlated with the number of manic symptoms that patients exhibited. Finally, overinclusive and nonoverinclusive schizophrenics did not differ on specific manic signs and symptoms. Overinclusion also was unrelated to patients' overall levels of schizophrenic symptomatology. These results indicate that overinclusive thinking is related only weakly to manic symptomatology in schizophrenics, which suggests that this factor cannot account fully for the prognostic and cognitive benefits associated with overinclusion.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1<44::AID-JCLP2270380105>3.0.CO;2-S

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExplanations of schizophrenia consistently have emphasized a reduced preference for social rewards. However, experiments that purportedly tested these explanations have used performance measures, which are affected by learning as well as preferences. Moreover, these experiments rarely have used nonsocial rewards as controls, in order to determine whether the schizophrenics' impaired responsiveness is specific to praise. The present experiment directly measured the preferences of paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenic adolescents and of nonpsychotic adolescent controls (N= 60). Both praise and tangible rewards were used. Results consistently supported the preference theories. Schizophrenics exhibited impaired preferences for praise, but unimpaired preferences for tangible rewards. It was concluded that one reason that schizophrenics are withdrawn and uncommunicative is that they are apathetic toward social rewards. Their apathy also may be responsible for their poor social skills.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1<51::AID-JCLP2270380106>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExamined three hypotheses shared in common by several contemporary theoreticians of depression: (1) depressogenic parents maintain unrealistically high ideals for their offspring; (2) depressogenic parents negatively evaluate these offspring; (3) depressive offspring show lowered self‐evaluations. Phenomenological perceptions of parental ideals and attitudes were reported by depressed and nondepressed college students (N= 48). These data supported the latter two hypotheses, but not the first. Results are discussed in terms of interpersonal attraction theory as well as in terms of a possible model of mutual influencability in the family interactions of depressive

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1<56::AID-JCLP2270380107>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudied the process of child psychotherapy by means of an analyses of therapist verbal behaviors. Audio‐video recordings were made of nine intermittent psychotherapy sessions with 2 child clients, aged 8 and 12. A randomized mastertape of 4‐minute segments was rated for empathic understanding and respect by means of the Carkhuff scales. Transcripts were categorized by means of the Hill Counselor Verbal Response Category System, and a preliminary set of 12 grammatical variables. Transcripts were minutized, and all the therapist variables were intercorrelated and factor‐analyzed. According to the research expectations, high levels of interrater reliabilities for the Carkhuff scales and relatively high agreement levels for Hill's system were found. Analyses of the therapist variables demonstrated the nature of the therapeutic interventions as well as the pattern of change across successive psychotherapy sessions. The overall verbal response behavior of each therapist was summarized best through the factor analyses. Communalities and individual differences between the therapists were discussed. Future directions for the study of therapist variables in child psychotherapy process research were indi

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1<63::AID-JCLP2270380108>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInvestigated the effects of increasing the emission of Positive Attention Behaviors (PABs) on the social behavior of 30 incarcerated male delinquents, divided in an attention/control and an experimental group. Groups were subdivided further into dominant behavioral pattern (passive, middle, and aggressive). PABs were measured during a 2‐week baseline period, followed by 2 weeks of behavioral training for experimentals, then three 2‐week followups. Results indicated the effectiveness of behavioral training for significantly increasing and maintaining the emission of P

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1<77::AID-JCLP2270380109>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAttempted to predict therapeutic persistence, as measured by the total number of sessions attended, with the MMPI. High persisters were defined as patients who attended six or more sessions, while low persisters were patients who attended fewer than six sessions.Ss were 360 (180 high persisting, 180 low persisting) female outpatients and 204 (102 high persisting, 102 low persisting) male outpatients. All groups were divided into equal halves in order to allow for cross‐validation of three separate discriminant functions: One for males, one for females, and one for the entire sample (male + female). Cross‐validation revealed that only the discriminant function for males achieved a classification accuracy (60%) greater than chance expectations. A series of biserial correlations indicated that male persisters tended to be less defensive while experiencing greater distress and that female persisters tended to be more introverted and less impulsive relative to their respective low‐persisting counter

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1<80::AID-JCLP2270380110>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInvestigated client self‐disclosure and client perception of counselors (as expressed in counselor evaluations) as a function of the sex, attractiveness and status of the counselor, and the sex of the client. Counselor gender and attractiveness were established by means of stimulus photographs; counselor status was defined in terms of education and experience.Ss (160 college students) first rated their counselors on intelligence and empathy; they then completed Jourard's Self‐Disclosure Questionnaire while role‐playing clients in therapy. A four‐factor between‐Ss analysis of disclosure scores revealed that clients disclosed more of themselves to male than to female counselors when the counselors were high in either status or attractiveness. Results supported the hypothesis that the effect of counselor gender on client disclosure depends on an interaction of counselor gender with other counselor

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1<84::AID-JCLP2270380111>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY