ISSN:1054-9811    

DOI:10.1300/J091v04n03_01

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1054-9811    

DOI:10.1300/J091v04n03_02

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Deforestation has caused the collapse of past civilisations, including those of Easter Island, the Mayas of Central America, and the Sumerians of Mesopotamia. To avoid a similar fate, we should be prepared to undertake forceful and effective forestry action. This will entail food security and rural development; an increase in income for farmers and safe environments for indigenous peoples; empowerment of women and local groups; and family planning.

ISSN:1054-9811    

DOI:10.1300/J091v04n03_03

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Fewer than one tenth of tropical forests are being managed on a sustainable basis. Sustainable forest management means managing the forest in such a way as to not irreversibly reduce the potential of that forest to produce all products in subsequent harvests. The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio resulted in several decisions that are relevant to the future of forestry. The Conference also focused world attention on questions of the environment. One outcome of this increased awareness has been the growing support for eco-labelling, which may provide an opportunity for those countries able to prove their forest products are harvested sustainably. Other economic opportunities present themselves in the utilization for cellulose of tree crops such as rubberwood and oil palm trunks and fronds. Non-wood resources such as rattan also hold promise if we are able to grow them in conjunction with existing tree crops. The roles of tropical forests as carbon sinks require more in-depth study as does the question of what constitutes critical levels of biodiversity. Aesthetic values such as recreational use increasingly require that sufficient buffer zones of unique features be preserved. These challenges demand that the forestry profession becomes more proactive and support major policy changes to address the need for sustainable forest management.

ISSN:1054-9811    

DOI:10.1300/J091v04n03_04

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The history of rationalistic thought in the west has been built on paradigms that provide justification for the fragmentation and domination of nature. We are therefore faced with a crisis in perception that overshadows any discussion of environmental issues. Conservatives tend to be more resistant to change than liberals. As a result, they are more likely to place primacy on others of one's race, creed and religion, as well as one's personal needs. Conversely, it is less likely that they wilt have regard for the land's sustainable capacity. Liberals tend to take a systems approach to thinking and are therefore less inclined to tinker with the individual components of a system. Science alone cannot reconcile opposing points of view which are based on value, because science was not designed to deal with values. Conducting a credible search for the truth demands that we first recognize the limitations of our own thinking, both in our tendency to form a single hypothesis and our tendency to be “method oriented” rather than “problem oriented.” Although science can never accurately represent nature, it has, over time, piqued our imagination, challenged old ways of thinking and demonstrated the fuzziness of our world view.

ISSN:1054-9811    

DOI:10.1300/J091v04n03_05

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The term “sustainability” has been around for a long time and many definitions of the term are in use today. The concept has evolved over the years from meaning merely regeneration of trees, to a definition that considers all functions of the forest as being essential. However, valid doubt exists as to whether we could ever gather the extensive information needed to make accurate judgements about socioeconomic sustainability. The danger in too general a use of the concept is that it will become a blanket which covers underlying goals that are not compatible. Applied to forests, sustainability must include a consideration of preservation of genetic information to maximize the system's ability to respond to change.

ISSN:1054-9811    

DOI:10.1300/J091v04n03_06

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Forests in Africa are being increasingly degraded because of increasing primary wood use and as a consequence of growing industrial activity. The challenges faced by African nations vis à vis natural resource use are many and include the need to work with local communities and to include them in the land tenure system, the need to regulate export of the benefits of natural resources and the need to provide alternative sources of income and energy sources. Meeting these and other challenges will require policies that ensure equitable distribution of benefits and of management rights. This, in turn, requires political stability and democratization.

ISSN:1054-9811    

DOI:10.1300/J091v04n03_07

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Forest management is directed to attain one, or a combination, of the following three goals: stability of the physical environment, productivity of the physical environment and equity of the social environment. For the management to be sustainable, four aspects have to be addressed: the ecological, technical, the socio-economic and the institutional. All of these four aspects are equally important, and inadequacy of practices in any of the aspects could mar the sustainability of a forest. In India, where the rural population overwhelmingly depends on firewood for domestic energy, where the fodder for millions of cattle comes from forests, and where customs and traditions are as important in forest management as the considerations of ecological laws, a minimum of socio-economic data is a must for sustainable forest management. For India, this data must comprise:•per capita annual requirement of firewood at a reasonably efficient level of utilization;•carrying capacity of a forest unit in terms of its use as grazing land;•per capita annual requirement of small timber for agricultural implements and for housing;•per capita annual requirement of non-timber forest products (NTFPs);•customs and traditions prevalent in a community in terms of the use of forests;•rate of growth of population, both human and cattle.

ISSN:1054-9811    

DOI:10.1300/J091v04n03_08

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Ecologists, managers, federal forest officials, biologists, Russian and international environmentalists are developing and rethinking the practices and products of a timber operation in central Siberia. Predivinsk Lespromkhoz is a timber producing community located on the Einisei River, 150 kilometers north of Krasnoyarsk in central Siberia. The four thousand inhabitants are faced with expanding costs, a loss of financial support from the government, a collapsed market and disappearing natural resources. The restructuring of the Russian Government gave local foresters and limber operations more control of their resources but unfortunately, inflation and the dwindling economy restricted capital for implementation of new, sustainable forest practices and improved marketable products. Predivinsk is relatively accessible to foreigners interested in the taiga of central Siberia and scientists from the Krasnoyarsk Forest Institute welcome collaborative projects.

ISSN:1054-9811    

DOI:10.1300/J091v04n03_09

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Efforts at achieving sustainable forest management throughout the world often appear to pit global economic and development interests against those who seek preservation and environmental protection of the Faith's resources. Such conflicts, where they do arise, are often unmindful of the full range of land use parameters which must be taken into account when developing sustainable forest models on a regional, if not subconlinenlal scale the scale on which many multinational corporate entities now base their business planning. In fact, sustainable forest resource planning in the global marketplace must be integrated with regional sustainable land use, cultural, ecosystem and economic planning if the myriad forest attributes are to be maintained for future generations. The proposed paper would describe comprehensive sustainable land use planning being implemented in the Lake Baikal region of south central Siberia, Russia, which incorporates the full range of forest utilization from wild forest preserves to ecologically sustainable forest management for wood products. This paper describes similar projects being undertaken by Ecologically Sustainable Development, Inc. (ESD) in Mongolia, the Altai region of Russia, the Ussuri River Basin of Far Eastern Russia and China. Nicaragua and British Columbia, finally, the authors make recommendations key to achieving sustainable forest policy on the federal, state, regional and local levels.

ISSN:1054-9811    

DOI:10.1300/J091v04n03_10

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor