摘要:

Court-ordered detention and prosecution of a pregnant woman for substance abuse is an unusual but increasing occurrence in the United States. At least 24 states have attempted to prosecute a pregnant woman on a variety of charges for suspected harm to the fetus. This article reviews the issues involved including personal autonomy duty of caregivers to women and fetuses, and ethical frameworks for discussion.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Clinicians are confronted with challenging situations when working with women who are pregnant and have a co-existing mental illness. A risk benefit assessment is helpful when identifying possible care interventions. Psychopharmaceutical intervention is a consideration when nonpharmacological interventions are ineffective or inappropriate. Informed consent based on known and unknown risks to the mother and fetus should be obtained. Literature and case reports are contradictory and not conclusive about the risks of medications used for psychiatric illnesses. This article reviews the literature and provides clinical guidelines for antipsychotic medications, antidepressant medications, mood stabilizing medications, and antianxiety medications.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This is a review of the literature regarding the clinical management of pregnant women maintained on methadone treatment. The prevalence of opiate use, definition of opiate dependence, common concerns regarding methadone use in pregnancy, and maternal/fetal harm are addressed. Recommendations for nurses are synthesized from the clinical literature, clinical experiences, and the empirical literature. These recommendations address: antepartum issues including treatment, dosage and pharmacological considerations, medical conditions and lab tests, intrapartum issues, postpartum concerns including breastfeeding, neonatal withdrawal, and developmental effects associated with methadone.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The problem of licit and illicit drug use during pregnancy continues to be a major perinatal health issue in this country. It is estimated that 200,000 infants are born each year to women who used illegal drugs while they are pregnant. Much information is available regarding the physiologic and neurobehavioral signs and symptoms of withdrawal expressed in infants exposed in utero to individual substances such as heroin, marijuana, methadone, alcohol, barbiturates, and PCP. However, little information is available related to the signs and symptoms of withdrawal observed in infants exposed to many combinations of these drugs prenatally. Additionally, few reports discuss the most prominent signs and symptoms of withdrawal in infants exposed to one or many drugs in utero. This article describes the results of a study that provides new information regarding the most prominent signs and symptoms of withdrawal exhibited by infants exposed to polydrugs, such as alcohol, opiates, stimulants, and sedatives, during pregnancy.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The use of illicit drugs during pregnancy is a problem that affects a significant number of pregnant women or women of childbearing age. For many reasons, the identification of the drug exposed mother and her infant is a necessary, albeit difficult, task. This article will discuss drug testing to detect the antenatal exposure of the newborn infant to illicit drugs and review the different laboratory methods that are used and the role of meconium analysis in neonatal drug testing.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In North America, an increasing number of babies are prenatally exposed to cocaine, yet the implications of cocaine use during pregnancy are not fully understood. The effects of cocaine are exerted primarily by its influence on aminergic receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Developmental, physiological, and behavioral problems in infants and children are likely outcomes of maternal cocaine abuse, but these findings are confounded by concomitant use of other drugs such as marijuana and cocaine and by factors such as time, dosage, and route of cocaine intake. Different screening options exist for cocaine and its metabolites, including sampling of neonatal urine, hair and meconium need to be considered, as do the sensitivity and the ethical implications of such testing. Clinical management of cocaine-exposed infants requires attention to several issues, including: central nervous system irritation, cardiac anomalies, apnea, and feeding difficulties, as well as infant safety and follow-up postdischarge. Early detection and intervention remain the primary objectives of caring for cocaine-exposed infants.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID