摘要:

Thyroid dysfunction is the second most common endocrine disorder among women of childbearing age. When thyroid dysfunction is well controlled, pregnancy outcomes are similar to those of women without thyroid disease. Perinatal nurses can support the woman affected by a thyroid dysfunction by being knowledgeable about the disorder and by providing support and education. The article provides an introduction to the physiology and pathophysiology of the thyroid, the effect of common thyroid disorders on pregnancy, and clinical management implications for perinatal nurses.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The management of gestational diabetes mellitus focuses on the woman's physical, psychosocial, and educational needs. Education is the basis for ensuring the best possible outcome for the mother and infant, and the nurse is an integral part of the educational process. The woman must acquire new knowledge and skills regarding diet, blood glucose monitoring, insulin therapy, and exercise. An individualized approach to treatment includes sensitivity to the woman's cultural background and learning ability. Compliance with the treatment plan can be enhanced by rapport between the woman and health care providers.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Advances in transplantation medicine present the perinatal health care provider with a unique challenge: care of the woman during pregnancy after organ transplantation. Pregnancy in liver transplant recipients is complicated by hypertension, preeclampsia, anemia, and preterm birth. Neonates born to women after liver transplant are not at increased risk for congenital anomalies. Evidence to date supports that pregnancy does not have a deleterious effect on hepatic graft function or survival if the woman has stable hepatic function before pregnancy. The article focuses on the issues involved with perinatal management of the woman who is a liver transplant recipient.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Acute fatty liver is a rare but potentially fatal complication of the third trimester of pregnancy. Significant improvements in morbidity and mortality have been reported in the last several years. Despite accumulation of more data about the disease, the exact pathogenesis is unknown. Many women are initially misdiagnosed with other more common causes of liver dysfunction during pregnancy. It is possible that acute fatty liver is an atypical form of preeclampsia because 30% to 40% of women with acute fatty liver also have preeclampsia. Supportive care and expeditious delivery represent the only known treatment. More data are needed about acute fatty liver of pregnancy, but the rare nature of the disease and the likelihood that most cases are not reported in the literature limit the ability systematically to study causation, disease process, and treatment options. Because of the serious condition of most women who develop acute fatty liver of pregnancy, collaboration between critical care and perinatal care providers is essential for optimal maternal-fetal outcomes.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Existing data point to the fact that adrenocortical responses are, at least in part, valid representatives of the stress response in term and some preterm infants. At the same time, however, there is conflict regarding the use of cortisol levels as a diagnostic tool in the neonatal intensive care unit. The article reviews the concept of neonatal intensive care unit stress and neonatal stress response development and provides a comprehensive literature review of cortisol production in term and preterm neonates. A neonatal stress response model is presented along with implications for caregiving.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hyperglycemia is a common finding in the extremely premature neonate, especially during the first several days of life. Premature neonates have difficulty maintaining normal blood glucose levels in spite of normal or below-normal glucose infusion rates. Some infants experience intermittent episodes of hyperglycemia throughout the course of hospitalization that typically can be related to infection, medications, overinfusion of glucose, or episodes of stress. Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) is an uncommon diagnosis that is utilized when other reasons for the hyperglycemia cannot be determined. The article presents a case study describing an episode of hyperglycemia that could have been TNDM or an exaggerated response to the use of dexamethasone.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hypoglycemia is a frequent problem in the neonatal period requiring close attention and intervention. Severe, persistent hypoglycemia can have various etiologies; one of the most common causes is hyperinsulinism. Nesidioblastosis, although rare, is the most common cause of hyperinsulinism in the neonate. If not detected early, nesidioblastosis can lead to brain damage and death secondary to severe hypoglycemia. The etiology of nesidioblastosis remains unclear. Treatment involves maintaining normal blood glucose levels; treatment modalities include high glucose infusion rates, use of medications, and surgical intervention. The article reviews the pathophysiology and treatment modalities for nesidioblastosis. A case study is also presented that describes the clinical presentation, treatment, surgical intervention, and postdischarge clinical course of an infant with nesidioblastosis.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thyroid hormones are integral to the development and maturation of the central nervous system as well as normal growth and development. Comprehensive knowledge of the maturation and function of the thyroid gland is essential to understanding the pathophysiology of thyroid dysfunction. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment in thyroid disease are imperative for normalization of thyroid hormone ratios. Optimal management includes early introduction and strict adherence to a regimen of L-thyroxine and routine monitoring of thyroid levels throughout life. Parents need to understand the importance of consistent medication administration and daily assessment of well-being because these actions are crucial to the attainment of an optimal level of development for infants with congenital hypothyroidism.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID