ISSN:0737-1454    

DOI:10.1002/stem.5530060102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEukaryotic cells contain a family of genes termed “cellular oncogenes” or “proto‐oncogenes,” thought to regulate normal cell growth and development. In some circumstances, such as following transduction by retroviruses, activation of these genes causes tumors and leukemias in animals. Possible mechanisms of cellular oncogene activation include: 1) DNA point mutation, deletion or insertion, 2) gene amplification, 3) gene activation by internal rearrangement, chromosomal translocation or promoter insertion, 4) recombinative events resulting in the formation of novel chimeric genes, and others. In this review, we consider data which implicates cellular oncogene activation in the pathogenesis of leukemia in humans. We discuss possible mechanisms by which oncogene activation may induce leukemias, as well as potential diagnostic and therapeutic imp

ISSN:0737-1454    

DOI:10.1002/stem.5530060103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report describes a very simple, quick and effective method for in situ staining of granulocyte‐macrophage colonies in agar cultures and for classifying various colony types. The procedure takes only one minute to fix and a few minutes to stain; a few additional minutes are required for preparation of the permanent whole plate. In this process the Riu stain, a modified Romanowsky stain, is used. Besides the ease and rapidity of this procedure, the identification of colony types appears to be enhanced. Thus, the method seems to be very beneficial in routine observations of colony type

ISSN:0737-1454    

DOI:10.1002/stem.5530060104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFMP2.1, a cloned cell line which has morphological characteristics of mast/basophil cells, requires either interleukin 3 (IL‐3) or granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) for both survival and proliferation. IL‐3 and GM‐CSF were equally effective as proliferative stimuli. FMP2.1 cells were sensitive to growth factor stimulation in the G, phase, which has a duration of 9.5 h. G1cells were selected from FMP2.1 in log phase growth on the basis of Hoechst 33324 staining using a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). It was found that G1phase cells had to be exposed to either IL‐3 or GM‐CSF for approximately 1 h for cells to enter S ( 20%); without growth factor, FMP2.1 remained in G, unable to progress into S. Receptor expression was analyzed to further understand this rapid activation of FMP2.1 into cycle. Autoradiography using either125I‐IL‐3 or125I‐GM‐CSF showed that most cells express both receptor types. In the presence of saturating concentrations of IL‐3, FMP2.1 have a relatively high number of IL‐3 receptors (42,000/cell) compared to other cell lines (e.g., 32D cl23; 13,000 receptors/cell), and far outnumber GM‐CSF receptors on the same cells (600 receptors/cell). Although average IL‐3 receptor expression differed for FMP2.1‐ and IL‐3‐dependent 32D cl23, the concentration‐dependent proliferative response to IL‐3 was essentially identical for both cell types. Scatchard plot analysis for125I‐IL‐3 and125I‐GM‐CSF binding to FMP2.1 cells at 4°C revealed a single type of binding site for both ligands, with dissociation constants (Kd) of approximately 1 nMfor GM‐CSF and 8 pMfor IL‐3. The relatively high affinity IL‐3 binding to a large number of available IL‐3 receptors was associated with a shallow dose response of the FMP2.1 cells to IL‐3, compared to the steep GM‐CSF dose response which was mediated through fewer receptor sites of relatively low affinity. Mitogenic stimulation of G1phase cells was observed with either IL‐3 or GM‐CSF, and appeared to b

ISSN:0737-1454    

DOI:10.1002/stem.5530060105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCell fractionation techniques have been used for the purification and characterization of hematopoietic cells present in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Following fractionation, the distribution of hematopoietic cells is frequently determined by the granulocyte‐monocyte colony‐forming unit (CFU‐gm) assay. In this study, we questioned whether the purification process itself altered the sensitivity of the CFU‐gm assay through changes in the accessory cell populations. Experiments showed that following T cell depletion, the cloning efficiency of CFU‐gm was suboptimal, since the addition of autologous T lymphocytes was stimulatory, even when the concentration of conditioned medium was optimal. In contrast, growth of CFU‐gm was inhibited by monocytes, both in the presence and absence of T cells. Sensitivity to monocyte‐derived inhibition occurred at significantly lower monocyte concentrations when T cells were present. Thus, stem cell purification techniques which deplete T lymphocytes or enrich monocytes have an adverse effect on the cloning efficiency of peripheral blood CFU‐gm. This study presents culture techniques capable of circumventing

ISSN:0737-1454    

DOI:10.1002/stem.5530060106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between in vitro tumor stem cell sensitivity and in vivo antitumor efficacy using 13 active antineoplastic agents was examined by means of the intraperitoneal P388 mouse leukemia system. The doses, which produced a 50% increase in life span after one, five and nine days of treatment, were all significantly correlated with the in vitro concentration producing a 70% reduction in colony formation during a seven‐day continuous drug exposure. The five‐day correlation was the best, followed by nine days and one day. Correlations were not improved by corrections for either in vitro drug stability or toxicity (LD50). The highly significant correlations observed in this simple retrospective analysis provide a basis for the development of more sophisticated models for the prediction of in vivo results from in vitro d

ISSN:0737-1454    

DOI:10.1002/stem.5530060107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0737-1454    

DOI:10.1002/stem.5530060108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0737-1454    

DOI:10.1002/stem.5530060109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0737-1454    

DOI:10.1002/stem.5530060110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0737-1454    

DOI:10.1002/stem.5530060101

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY