摘要:

An exciting new approach to the treatment of cancer is the development of therapeutic strategies which target growth factors and the signal transduction pathways elicited by them. The rationale for targeting the processes which regulate cell proliferation rests on the contention that the malignant phenotype is maintained as a result of alterations in the biochemistry of growth control. The challenge is to design novel anticancer agents which exploit qualitative or quantitative differences in the biochemical elements controlling tumour cell growth and thereby achieve tumour selectivity. A wide variety of drugs are currently under development and include agents which block growth factor-receptor interaction, or which inhibit the action or formation of second messengers such as protein kinase C or phospholipase C. Although in its infancy, the use of inhibitors of growth factor action as antineoplastic agents has already proven effective against some tumours.

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217681

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have mapped the epitope group specificity of the monoclonal antibodies employed in six commercial sandwich immunometric assays for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), using cross-inhibition experiments with monoclonal antibodies previously classified in an International Workshop on the Epitope Reactivity of Monoclonal Antibodies against CEA. In this workshop it was shown that most monoclonal antibodies could be classified into one of five epitope groups, designated Gold groups 1–5. We found that of the six assay kits tested, five used solid-phase antibody of Gold group 4. Three of these (CIS ELSA 2-CEA, Hybritech Tandem-R CEA, Roche CEA EIA Duomab 60) used labeled antibody of Gold group 1 the remaining two (Abbott CEA-RIA Monoclonal, Wallac/LKB DELFIA CEA) used antibodies of Gold group 5. The sixth assay kit (Behringwerke Enzygnost CEA) used a solid-phase antibody of Gold group 1 and a polyclonal labeled antibod

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217682

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A new mouse anti-oestrogen receptor (ER) monoclonal antibody, ER-P31, has been developed. Comparisons of immunohistochemical detection of ER in human breast cancers using ER-P31 with anti-ER from ER-immunocytochemical assay (ER-ICA; Abbott Diagnostic Division) and radioligand dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) assays were carried out. A total of 63 breast cancers, both ER-negative and -positive, were tested. A highly significant degree of correlation between immunostaining for ER-P31 and both ER-ICA and DCC assays was obtained. It is hoped that once ER-P31 is widely available commercially, determination of ER status in breast cancers should be routinely and economically available to all women with breast cancer. Moreover, with the introduction and implemention of a screening programme for detecting breast cancers, immunocytochemical determination of ER status in unequivocal and equivocal positive fine-needle aspirates of breast lesions can be readily performed.

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217683

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) and mucinous carbohydrate antigen (MCA) immunoreactivities were detected in human seminal plasma. Mean values for CA 15-3 (8.2 ± 3.7 U/ml, range 2.6 – 18.4 U/ml) and MCA (13.8 ± 8.2 U/ml, range 2.1-31.9 U/ml) in the seminal plasma were of the same magnitude as that found in serum. No correlation was obtained between seminal plasma, either CA 15-3 or MCA immunoreactivities, and volume of seminal plasma, sperm count or percent of motile spermatozoa. Seminal plasma CA 15-3 and MCA levels were significantly (p < 0.001) correlated (r = 0.55). The nature and origin of CA 15-3 and MCA immunoreactivities in human plasma are unkn

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217684

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Squamous-cell carcinoma antigen (SCC antigen), formerly referred to as TA-4, is closely related to the grade of differentiation. Immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated that SCC antigen is also increased in the keratinizing or large-cell nonkeratinizing type of squamous-cell carcinoma but not in the small cell type. On the other hand, the appearance rate of SCC antigen in the blood circulation is almost the same in these three types of squamous-cell carcinoma. The present study was conducted to clarify the discrepancy in the production and release of this tumor marker using a squamous-cell carcinoma cell line, SKG-IIIa. SKG-IIIa cells were treated with 10 μM 5-azacytidine, a potent hypomethylating agent, to obtain several sublines with different behavior in the production of SCC antigen, and cloned by a limiting dilution technique. One subline (B-5) released significantly greater amounts of SCC antigen into the incubation medium as compared with other sublines (A-5). In in vivo studies, groups of nude mice received subcutaneous injections of the A-5 or B-5 subline, and the serum SCC antigen levels were determined after the animals exhibited palpable tumors. The serum levels of SCC antigen were significantly higher in the animals inoculated with the B-5 cells than in those inoculated with the A-5 cells. On the other hand, fiow-cytometric analysis and immunohistochemical studies using a polyclonal antibody revealed that the intracellular contents of SCC antigen were greater in the A-5 cells than in the B-5 cells. Radioautography was performed using a 125I-labeled monoclonal antibody specific against the acidic fraction of this marker, a dominant form released outside the cells, which revealed that the production of the acidic fraction was somewhat greater in the B-5 cells than in the A-5 cells. These results suggest that the production and release of SCC antigen are different phenomena in squamous-cell carcinoma and that the release of SCC antigen is likely influenced by the production of the acidic fraction

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217685

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A lectin-linked immunoradiometric assay (L-IRMA) using 7 different lectins and a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) directed against the protein moiety-specific epitope was developed to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The method used for L-IRMA was as follows: certain CEAs that reacted with lectin agarose beads were allowed to bind further to an 125I-labeled anti-CEA MoAb, and the resulting trapped 125I-MoAb was counted in a gamma counter. From the results, CEAs which interacted with Phaseolus vulgaris erythroag-glutinin and leukoagglutinin were presumed to contain the complex type of sugar chains. Furthermore, CEAs interacting specifically with wheat germ agglutinin lectin were found in the tested samples, suggesting that the CEA had a hybrid or a complex type of sugar chain as the core structure of the sugar chain, except for that in seminal plasma. These results obtained by L-IRMA were in good accord with the data obtained from serial lectin affinity chromatography. L-IRMA may therefore be a simple method to study the glycoprotein heterogeneities in tumors and in normal subjects.

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217686

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) screening was performed on 296 cancer patients. In almost 80% of the patients with active disease (n = 197) and 35–60% of those with inactive disease (n = 99), the concentration of HbF in the blood was above the normal range. Among patients with metastatic breast carcinoma (n = 27), 89% had a high HbF concentration. The HbF level was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in patients with active disease than in those with inactive disease. There is evidence of an ectopic production of HbF into the plasma of patients, but it will be necessary to develop a method for the prevention of hemolysis in order to establish this clai

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217687

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A rabbit antiserum raised against the 14.5-kilodalton (kDa) subunit of human splenic galaptin was used to probe protein blots of several tissue extracts. For all tissues examined, the only immunoreactive species detected was a 14.5-kDa polypeptide. This anti-serum and a rabbit antiserum raised against native lung galaptin were used in immunohistochemical assays to determine the localization of galaptin in selected tissues and cells. In normal colon, galaptin was found prominently in the basement membrane and in the stroma. The cytoplasm of epithelial cells stained lightly for galaptin whereas mucous granules and secreted mucin were uniformly negative for galaptin. Hemagglutination inhibition assays also failed to demonstrate an interaction between galaptin and mucin. Macrophages stained conspicuously for galaptin in colonic and cutaneous tissue as did some capillary walls. In cutaneous tissue, the extracellular matrix and hair follicle cells contained abundant galaptin. Galaptin was absent in basal cell carcinoma and associated stroma. Galaptin was found throughout the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells of gynecologic origin present in effusions. Protein blot anaylsis of extracts of extracellular matrix synthesized in vitro by endothelial cells confirmed the presence of galaptin in matrix. The results show that: (1) galaptin is variably expressed by different cells and tissues; (2) its cellular location is not restricted to the cell surface; (3) galaptin is not associated with normal mucin; (4) the extracellular matrix is a major site of galaptin deposition, and (5) some malignant tissue may be characterized by a deficiency of galaptin.

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217688

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger