摘要:

The performance of 32 medical school graduates who had pursued a reduced course load (“extended program”) for one or more years during medical school was examined during the first postgraduate year (PGY-1) of training. Those with academic problems as undergraduates performed at only a slightly lower than average level, while those who had extended their curricula to pursue personal or extracurricular interests tended to perform at a better than average level in the PGY-1 residency. Graduates with significant emotional disorders in medical school who pursued a reduced course load had a high (35 percent) dropout rate during the residency that occurred despite expert psychiatric care and substantial support during medical school and the residency. The authors suggest that extended programs may be useful for students seeking personal enrichment and for some with academic problems but that they do not seem particularly helpful to students with major emotional disturbances.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of the authors in the study reported here was to compare perceived stress in junior medical students (n = 169) before and after a clinical clerkship and to determine the relationship of unfavorable and favorable stress to personality and performance. Degree of stress and whether the stress was considered favorable or unfavorable were determined by the students' ratings on a stress scale administered before and after their surgical clerkship. Locus of control and self-esteem scales were used as measures of personality. It was determined that students likely to experience more unfavorable stress were more external in control and lower in self-esteem as compared with the other students. The students' cognitive performance was evaluated by two written and two oral examinations; their attitudes and skills were assessed by a behavioral scale completed by faculty members and residents. The major finding was that unfavorable stress was associated with poor performance. Since stress predictably will increase in the residency and in the practice years, students should be exposed to stress management techniques to help prevent the known high consequences of stress, such as substance abuse and suicide, among practicing physicians.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors challenge the assumption that the passive lecture-based curriculum that dominates most preclinical medical education optimizes learning for all students. For this reason, an experiment was conducted in which medical students were given the option of taking some courses as small groups in a Socratic format rather than in lectures; 67 percent of the students applied for the small-group option. Personality factors, measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, were used to determine whether there was any correlation between learning preferences and personality types. Most of the students preferred having more opportunities for small-group instruction. Most students and faculty members found the experience profitable; a significantly greater proportion of students of the intuitive-feeling personality type reacted positively to the experience than did other personality types. The small-group classes required more faculty time than did lectures, and this often prevented faculty support of the Socratic approach.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The ability to develop a medical history data base relevant to the total care of a patient is a requisite skill for clinical problem-solving. Assessment of this skill by faculty members in medical students has been based on direct observation of the student-patient encounter as well as on evaluation of the student's written patient history. In the study reported here, both methods were compared by the authors for the same student-patient interview. Preceptor ratings of the students' data-elicitation skills were correlated with their ratings of the students' interview-process skills and the time spent by the preceptor observing the interview. A criterion-based, checklist scoring of the student's write-up was not correlated with preceptor ratings. In this study, the authors suggest that a criterion-based evaluation of the student's patient write-up is a less faculty-intensive and more reliable method of evaluating medical student data-collection skills than direct observation of the student-patient encounter.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In this paper, the authors review the findings of a survey of cancer education activities in 110 U.S. medical schools conducted by the American Association for Cancer Education. Problems documented through this survey include the need for more coordination of multidisciplinary teaching; more exposure of students to patients with common malignancies, especially in an outpatient setting; and more uniform instruction in fundamental diagnostic procedures, such as proctosigmoidoscopy, bone marrow aspiration/biopsy, and indirect laryngoscopy. The present authors review these problems, particularly as they relate to educational functions of departments of medicine, and discuss an approach to the teaching of cancer medicine that employs the definition of educational objectives and relates these objectives to departmental teaching responsibilities. The authors suggest that the departments of medicine are in a unique position to stimulate and coordinate clinical cancer education by this approach.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A model program designed to increase the educational value of medical care evaluation committee meetings was studied to determine its effect on the knowledge and clinical performance of participating physicians. The members of hospital committees in which the program was successfully implemented showed a statistically significant gain in knowledge of the topics discussed by their committees. In addition, several members made substantial changes in their patient care practices. These changes resulted not so much from the acquisition of new medical information as from a rethinking of patient management strategies, stimulated by peer discussion during committee meetings. A structure that encourages such discussions can be incorporated in other types of patient-care-oriented committee activities as well.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In this paper, the authors describe the planning, curriculum, and evaluation of a five-week family medicine clinical clerkship for third-year students based in an academic family practice center. The program is an outpatient experience utilizing several innovative techniques: (a) problem-based learning that focuses on patient management tutorials, (b) consultation sessions with individuals offering specialized expertise, (c) supervised patient care in a family practice center and with a nursing home inpatient teaching service, and (d) workshops on various topics, such as office-surgical techniques, practice management, and alternative methods of health care. Evaluation of the course has demonstrated the merits of careful planning with student input, the need for flexibility, and the value of focusing on concepts in ambulatory care.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The most effective method of teaching psychosocial pediatrics to house officers apparently has not been ascertained. Therefore, in a study reported here, a controlled trial was performed to test whether a child psychiatrist accompanying a ward team on daily rounds would influence the attention given by the residents to psychosocial problems. The study population consisted of two ward teams over two months and the intervention limited to one team during the second month. The presence of a child psychiatrist on daily rounds did not influence the proportion of notes mentioning psychosocial problems nor the proportion of informative psychosocial notes in the intervention group. There was no significant relationship of notes to the age, sex, or payment status of the patient. However, the presence of the psychosocial notes and the information in them did vary with follow-up plans, type of consultations ordered, and admission and discharge diagnoses. In this article the authors discuss implications of the findings in the context of the dichotomy between the biomedical and biopsychosocial models of patient care.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

No abstract available.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The data collected during the evaluation of the natural science program at Roswell Park revealed a high rate of success in preparing students to enter health and science related careers. An average of 50 percent of the entering students each year had been unsuccessful medical school applicants or students preparing to enter Ph.D. programs following an initial research experience. The program assists students in admission to medical and research programs and encourages research participation. Many graduate programs will not accept or find difficulty dealing with students who have career goals in medicine and are not necessarily in research. This is understandable, especially in Ph.D. granting programs with substantial investments of faculty time and funding. The philosophy of the program reported here is to assist the students to enter the career of their choice; however, at the same time, the faculty members insist on a high level of scholarship in course work and research during the program. With this philosophy, the program continues to be successful in attracting students of high quality.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID