ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The incidence of chronic lung diseases and their associated morbidity and mortality have increased dramatically in recent years. Pulmonary rehabilitation has been well established in comprehensive care programs to enhance standard medical therapy to control and alleviate symptoms and optimize patient function. Patients should be selected on the basis of disease severity, disability, and motivation. Initial patient evaluation should include a careful medical and psychosocial evaluation, physiologic tests of lung and exercise function, and appropriate goal setting. Program content includes education, instruction in respiratory and chest physiotherapy techniques, exercise training, and psychosocial support. Pulmonary rehabilitation results in the following: reduced utilization of health care resources, costs, and respiratory and psychologic symptoms, and improved quality of life, exercise and activity levels, independence, and knowledge. There is generally no change in lung function. Survival may or may not be prolonged.

ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The modern lifestyle, including Western-style eating habits, cigarette smoking, and physical inactivity, is among the multiple contributors to development of atherosclerosis and increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Recent epidemiologic evidence strongly suggests that risk of major CHD events can be substantially reduced with an average of 30 to 60 minutes per day of even moderate-intensity dynamic physical activity (PA). Attenuation of a number of atherogenic metabolic and physiologic risk factors appears to play a role. This includes reductions in elevated levels of plasma triglycerides and their lipoprotein carriers and an incerease in plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; reduced blood pressure levels and risk of hypertension; and improved cell insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, reducing risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. An associated loss of excess weight and fat and an improvement in VO2max levels with exercise contribute to these antiatherogic effects of exercise. Recent research also suggests that resistive exercise may also favorably alter atherogenic risk factors, but this remains to be confirmed. Other possible contributors to reduced risk of CHD by exercise training are reduced myocardial oxygen demands; increased coronary blood supply; improved myocardial function; reduced myocardial susceptibility to serious ventricular arrhythmias; and a reduced tendency for coronary thrombosis. Additional research is required to confirm and better define the dose—response relationships for these beneficial physiologic adaptations.

ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation programs are well established, it is important to address potential medical hazards to determine the risk-benefit ratio of these programs. Cardiac arrests, acute myocardial infarctions, and deaths related to exercise sessions are the cardiovascular complications of greatest importance. National studies have documented a low incidence of these complications in supervised, outpatient programs. Studies have also identified clinical characteristics of the “high-risk” cardiac rehabilitation participant. To maintain high levels of safety in cardiac rehabilitation programs, it is important to continue the high standards of cardiac rehabilitation, particularly in the areas of medical screening and assessment, patient education, patient supervision, and emergency treatment.

ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID