ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

BackgroundOur goal was to establish and implement a more effective hospital cardiac diet, while maintaining good patient acceptance. When this effort began the cardiac diet contained less than 30% fat, 300 mg of cholesterol and 4,000 mg of sodium/day.MethodsThe new cardiac dietary guidelines approved were less than 25% fat, 200 mg of cholesterol and 3,300 mg of sodium/day. Patient interviews and written meal service evaluations were used to assess patient acceptance, regarding tast, appearance, temperature and variety of food served. Accuracy was assessed via test trays, which were evaluated for portion size accuracy and correct item on the tray.ResultsManual calculations of the highest fat day revealed 19% fat, 4.4% calories from saturated fat, 153 mg cholesterol and 2,009 mg of sodium on the 1,800 calorie house cardiac diet. The overall findings show that 94% of the patients found the new cardiac diet “great,” “good” or “fair,” which increased to 100% within 5 months of quality assurance intervention.ConclusionsThis project demonstrates that cardiac diets with less than 20% fat can be successfully implemented, with good patient acceptance, in a population traditionally consuming very high fat intakes.

ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

BackgroundExercise improves physiological function and may improve mood. Some psychologists suggest that mood changes are mediated predominately by self-efficacy rather than physical ability. We examined self-efficacy, mood, aerobic power, and strength in men undergoing exercise training and antihypertensive therapy of calcium-channel and beta-blocking drugs. Because beta blockers limit the physiological benefits of exercise, we evaluated psychological responses independent of physiological gains.MethodsFifty-one men (25–59 years) with mild hypertension were randomized to diltiazen (calcium-channel blocker), propranolol (beta-blocker), or placebo. Subjects completed 10 weeks of circuit weight training, and walking, jogging, or cycling. Study variables included Profile of Mood States (POMS), self-efficacy (SE) for arms and legs, maximal oxygen uptake, and maximal strength for arm and leg exercises.ResultsBaseline aerobic power, POMS, and SE scores were unrelated. POMS did not relate to strength. Arm SE related to arm and leg strength. Leg SE related to leg strength only. After training, aerobic power increased in the diltiazem and placebo groups, but not in the propranolol group. Strength, and arm and leg SE increased in all groups. After training, POMS tension/anxiety and total mood disturbance decreased and vigor/alertness increased in all groups. Gains in aerobic power and strength were not related to mood or SE changes.Tension/anxiety, depression/dejection, confusion/bewilderment, and total mood disturbance changes related to SE changes.ConclusionsThus, psychological changes were unrelated to physical ability. Self-efficacy and several mood dimensions were related. The data suggest that changes in mood may be mediated by changes in perceived abilities.

ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

BackgroundTo evaluate the hemodynamic and metabolic requirements of activities of daily living (ADL), specifically simulated grocery carrying, 11 cardiac patients volunteered to perform three randomly assigned, 8 minute steady state treadmill trials at 53.6 m/minute.MethodsTrial 1 consisted of treadmill walking (No Load). Trial 2 required carrying a 4 kg load clutched to the chest by elbow flexion (Flex). Trial 3 required carrying 4 kg at the level of the thigh with the elbow extended (Extend). Open circuit spirometry was employed for the measurement of oxygen consumption. Blood pressure was obtained by auscultation.ResultsThere were no occurrences of angina, ST-T wave changes, or ectomy. Statistical analysis by ANOVA with repeated measures (P < 0.05) demonstrated that Trial 2 (Flex) elicited a systolic blood pressure significantly greater than Trials 1 (No Load) and 3 (Extend). Rate pressure product (RRP) and VO2during Trials 2 (Flex) were significantly greater than Trial 1 (No Load).ConclusionsThe greater reliance on the small elbow flexor group during the Flex trial may have stimulated a greater pressor response in addition to the elevated metabolic demand. To minimize metabolic and hemodynamic demands, cardiac patients should modify load carry to the extended elbow position while transporting groceries.

ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

BackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF), a lethal hereditary disease, causes its victims to produce abnormally thick mucus which is retained, causing obstruction. Studies have reported that, with exercise. CF patients exhibited improved work capacity, oxygen uptake, and quality of life. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of a structured low impact aerobic exercise program on the patients' work capacity, oxygen uptake and reported quality of life.MethodsTen subjects between the ages of 19 and 31 with moderate or severe cystic fibrosis began the study: six completed it. Subjects had no other lung disease, no cardiac disease, were not currently exercising, and were nonsmokers. Spirometry, exercise testing, and quality of well-being (QWB) measurements were performed on all subjects before and after participating in an 8-week low-impact aerobic exercise program. Pre- and post-test Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1). Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF25–75), resting heart rate, METS, VO2max, and QWB scores were compared for each subject. Two-tailed t-tests were applied, with an alpha level of 0.05. There was no significant difference in FVC, FEV1, FEF25–75,or QWB (P > 0.05).ResultsSubjects showed significant improvement in the following parameters: maximal oxygen consumption (P = 0.006); workload, measured in metabolic equivalents (P = 0.016); and resting heart rate (P = 0.003).ConclusionsFindings suggest that low-impact aerobic exercise signifcantly improves ability to utilize oxygen and decrease myocardial work in patients with moderate or severe cystic fibrosis.

ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

BackgroundLittle information is available for multi-ethnic multi-cultural girls and boys on cardiovascular risk factors, health behavior, self-perception of health and health attitudes.MethodsThe sample consisted of adolescent girls (n = 178) and boys (n = 71) from three urban, New York City schools and was comprised of 26% Asian-Amerians, 39% blacks, 10% Hispanics, 22% whites, and 3% other. Measurements included resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, % body fat, body mass index, total serum cholesterol, family history of cardiovascular disease, cigarette smoking, physical activity, dietary habits, self perception of health, stress, and health attitudes.ResultsBoys had significantly (P < 0.05) higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to girls, 117 vs. 112, 75 vs. 72, respectively. Girls had significantly higher cholesterol, 159 vs. 153 and % body fat, 28 vs. 16%. Boys were more physically active and had better self-perception of health. Girls ate fewer foods associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Thirty-seven percent of the total sample had one or more risk factors and 20% had two or more. Risk factors were more prevalent in girls (44% had one or more) compared to boys (20% had one or more). Fewer boys were hypercholesterolemic, 5% vs. 10%, and obese, 10% vs. 37%, than girls, although more boys were hypertensive, 13% vs. 6%. Twice as many girls were inactive, 25% vs. 13% compared to boys.ConclusionsResults suggest that coronary risk factors and poor health behaviors are prevalent in multi-ethnic adolescents and occur more frequently in girls than boys.

ISSN:0883-9212    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID