摘要:

AbstractTreatment of waste water from the metal‐working industry.Recent legislation has triggered a round of innovation in purification techniques for the treatment of waste water from the metal‐working industry. The historical development took place essentially in three generations, viz. flow‐through processes, recycling ion‐exchange units, and process oriented work‐up. The process engineering of process oriented work‐up is basically known with regard to the unit operations. Work performed during the last two years has focussed on transforming the known processing principles into plant engineering and accomplishing the step to the industrial scale plant, i.e. to bring it up to the present state

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330640103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProblems and experience with industrial scale packed columns.Apart from column plates, random and structured packings are being used increasingly as internal components of distillation columns. The advantage of structured packings lies in an enhanced specific separation performance at significantly lower pressure drops than in the case of classical plate columns. In contrast to column plates, there is no defined liquid pathway in random and structured packings; in particular, the dependence upon the initial distribution in columns of large diameter proves to be problematical. Recent theoretical model calculations and laboratory scale studies have shown that the liquid distribution in structured packings is of paramount importance, above all in columns having diameters in excess of 1 m. The present article reports problems and experience gained with industrial scale distillation columns by considering four examples. In addition, the authors also provide an in‐depth account of the factors and problems relating to the assessment of separation performance of industrial column

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330640104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330640102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDetermination of thermophysical properties of transparent fluids by laser spectroscopy.This review deals with the determination of thermophysical properties of transparent fluids by laser‐spectrometric methods. On the basis of the phenomena of laser‐Rayleigh and laser‐Brillouin scattering the paper demonstrates that the transfer coefficients thermal conductivity, diffusion coefficient, and viscosity, as well as the velocity of sound, sound attenuation, specific heats, and compressibility are fundamentally derivable at thermodynamic equilibrium over a wide range of temperature and pressure. Typical measurements show that the methods used for measuring some of the quantities have already reached standards maturity while others are still in their initial s

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330640105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComputer‐aided generation of chemical engineering process models.The availability of adequate process models is still the most striking bottleneck for routine application of model‐based techniques in process design and operation. The development of knowledge‐based software tools to support process modeling is considered an important contribution to a solution of this problem. After a brief summary of the modeling tools offered in current simulator architectures, a future knowledge‐based modeling tool is sketched. In addition to the software engineering, the acquisition and formalization of the modeling knowledge – comprising meaningful submodels and generic modeling strategies – is essential for the feasibility of the approach and for the acceptance of a tool. Therefore, these two themes are discussed in considerable detail. Finally, first prototype developments towards a knowledge‐based modeling tool

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330640106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOptical measurement of concentration and temperature in aerosols and sprays.This article surveyes progress in the development and application of optical methods, particullarly in Raman scattering and fluorescence for the analysis of aerosols and sprays. The main emphasis lies on examination of the particle phase. Fundamentals and state of the art in the determination of molecular composition of the particle phase with the aid of linear and simulated Raman scattering are described and the role of structural resonance discussed. Various models are presented for distinguishing between the contribution of the liquid and the gas phase to Raman scattering and fluorescence. Finally, new developments pertaining to the measurement of droplet temperature in aerosols and sprays are described.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330640107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330640108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330640109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330640110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330640111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY