摘要:

AbstractCoking of liquid hydrocarbons for production of carbon products. Apart from the production of metallurgical coke, hydrocarbon mixtures are carbonized especially in conversion of heavy petroleum fractions for production of gasoline and middle distillates; petroleum coke is then obtained. In addition, residues having a high carbon content from petrochemical, oil refinery, and coal upgrading sources are also transformed into high‐quality cokes. The most important process for coking of petroleum‐ and coal‐derived hydrocarbons is delayed coking; in addition, horizontal chamber coking is also employed for coal tar pitch. The principal applications of high‐quality coke products are block‐ and Söderberg anodes for aluminium production, additives and carburizer for the iron and steel industry, graphite products for electrosteel manufacture, and carbon products for special electrolytic processes, chemical plant construction, and electrical engineering. Delayed coking of hydrocarbon mixtures will become increasingly important owing to the modest investment necessary compared to other conversion methods and to the growing share of electrosteel in steel

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330550102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330550103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPossibilities of electrochemical conversion of coal. Coal as a macromolecular organic substance can principally undergo electrochemical conversions. Presently three main directions are under investigation: electrochemical gasification with the formation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide; modification of the chemical composition of coal; and degradation to low‐molecular substances. A historical survey as well as the present state of the art is given and the electrochemical reactions of the coal and their mechanisms are discussed in detai

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330550104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330550105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFischer‐Tropsch synthesis – Recent studies and Developments. This article surveys some results of recent research and new lines of development in Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis. Most interest is focussed on variants synthesis showing high selectivity of C2‐C4alkenes or C5‐C201‐alkenes or Diesel oil. In the last decade catalysts of improved alkene selectivity have been developed. Also the dependence of selectivity on process parameters such as pressure of hydrogen and carbon monoxide and temperature has been investigated in order to find appropriate conditions of operation for a synthesis of high selectivity. Some preliminary process designs ar

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330550106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330550107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractElectrochemistry with three‐dimensional electrodes. Three‐dimensional electrodes such as are used in fixed‐bed and fluidized bed electrolysis are suitable for purifying waste water containing heavy metals and for metal recovery from dilute solutions, and also open up new possibilities for electrochemical purification of waste gases. An account of the theoretical principles of the macrokinetics of these systems is followed by descriptions of a waste‐water purification process by fixed bed electrolysis, which is already in industrial use, of the rotating fixed‐bed electrode, and of the state of the art of fluidized bed electrolysis for production of metals. An electrochemical absorption tower permits removal of chlorine and sulphur dioxide from wa

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330550108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNew developments in thermosetting moulding compounds – Materials – Applications – Processing technology. Thermosetting moulding compounds are defined as raw materials manufacturing plastic parts under the influence of pressure and heat, mainly by compression, transfer and injection moulding which are formulated in workable form from thermosetting reactive resins, fillers, reinforcers, and other additives. The present article will consider only moulding compounds in granular form whose processing to moulded parts is mainly automated and which represent a group of plastics clearly distinct from pasty or liquid thermosetting moulding mate

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330550109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330550110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractElectrostatic processing of raw potash salt. The paper traces historical development of the electrostatic separation process. The process development by the German potash industry is definitely based on contact charging. Intensity and sign of charge imparted to the individual salt minerals can be precisely influenced by treatment of the salt with chemicals and, at the same time, also with air of a defined relative humidity. The development of efficient free‐fall separators was of importance for the technical realization of the process. These separators contain electrodes about 2 m long which consist either of circulating, specially coated rubber bands or of a row of tubes positioned vertically next to each other which rotate continuously around their own axes. Charging of the salt minerals is very probably effected by electron transition. The paper describes tests carried out in high vacuum on KCl (100) and NaCl(100) surfaces for interpretation of the charging operatio

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330550111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY