摘要:

AbstractMechanics of particulate solids – state of the art and current trends. Beginning with the pioneering work ofJenikeduring the fifties, the mechanics of particulate solids has been developed further to such a state of the art that the behaviour of cohesive powders is understood from the standpoint of particle interactions. Particle interactions can be quantified by evaluation of shear tests, and the behaviour of certain types of systems is now predictable. Three major tendencies can be identified in current developments in the mechanics of particulate solids: the attempt to apply results derived in subregimes to describe more general properties of the particulate solids; the quantitative description of the flow – particle interactions in the presence of adhesion forces; and the investigation of rapidly moving particle lay

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCapital cost estimation for chemical plant. During the preliminary stages of an investment project (before approval), several decisions have to be made on whether or not it should be pursued. Therefore cost estimates are required with stepwise reduction in uncertainty. However, the attainable accuracy of a cost estimate is a function of progress in engineering the entire project. Thus, each step in cost estimation entails a higher degree of planning and demands methods that satisfy the accuracy demanded and correspond to the progress made in engineering. A comprehensive estimation system has been developed from these interrelations, and the respective procedures are described. This paper considers known fundamentals and the authors' own developments.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSafety considerations in the planning of chemical plant. The author shows how the safety concept of a chemical plants is developed on the basis of the process, the properties of the materials, the operating conditions, and the plant location. The basic considerations for a complete and balanced safety concept are addressed. It is demonstrated how, in the case of a large chemical facility, safety considerations undertaken in up to three stages can already ensure the necessary high safety level of a chemical plant during the planning stage.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProcess development in a atmosphere of rapidly changing prices of raw materials and products. A computer program that allows the analysis of the economic consequences of alternative routes in process development is presented. The program communicates via a user friendly menu system. Single process steps, stored in the data base, can be combined to give systems of almost any desired level of complexity. The advantages and the scope of the program are illustrated by means of two examples.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFouling of heat transfer surfaces. Fouling of heat transfer surfaces in industry causes considerable costs. Overcoming fouling is therefore essential for technical and economic reasons. Solution of the problems requires a better understanding of the physical, chemical and biological processes causing fouling. It is shown, that the prediction of the fouling behaviour of heat transfer equipment based on existing mathematical models is not jet satisfactory. This article presents a new physical model describing particulate and precipitation fouling based on the assumption of a deposition and a removal process. Experiments to prove the results of the theoretical considerations were carried out using an aqueous CaSO4solution. The test unit which is also suitable forin‐situmeasurements is described in detail. Measured and predicted asymptotic fouling factors agree with acceptable accurac

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY