摘要:

AbstractProcess improvement in industry – aims, methods, examples. In the last few years the improvement of existing processes has gradually gained more importance than the development of new ones. The main objectives of process improvement are the optimum utilization of raw materials and energy and the fulfillment of increasing environmental and safety requirements. These objectives and the methods used in improving processes are illustrated with the aid of various examples from industrial practic

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSafety in the field of chemical engineering. This article discusses whether the risks involved in technology have increased, why such severe criticism is expressed concerning safety in plants, and whether there has been any change in the criteria that the public applies to safety. The accident statistics of the employers' association indicate the improvements in safety that have been achieved and by no means suggest any increase in the risks involved. The reason for the frequent and severe criticism of safety appears to be a widespread ignorance of production processes and a mistrust that evolves from such ignorance. Thus it is necessary to provide the public with still more and still better information. For this purpose the chemical industry needs an unbiased press that strives for impartiality. Among the criteria applied nowadays, a consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of a technical development is frequently lacking and a trend towards forecasting methods can be ascertained. The chemical industry is prepared to provide frank information and to engage in an objective discussion of safety topics.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRuhrchemie/Ruhrkohle variant of the Texaco coal gasification process – a status report. In pilot operation since January 1978, the Ruhrkohle/Ruhrchemie variant of the Texaco coal gasification process has produced a total of 20 million m N3of synthesis gas having an average composition of 46% CO, 34% H2, 19% CO2, 0.3% H2S, 0.6% N2, and 0.1% CH4from ca. 12 000 tonnes of coal. As the first of the „second generation”︁ coal gasification processes, the Texaco process has proved itself capable of gasifying pulverized coal of all grades at high temperatures and pressures. The next goal is an increase in capacity from that of the demonstration plant at Oberhausen‐Holten (12 000 m N3/h) to ca. 1

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecovery of fermentation products. Microbiological production of chemical products involves culturing of suitable microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, yeasts). The recovery or work‐up procedure employed to isolate cellular material or active components (such as secondary metabolites) depends upon whether the substances are present in the aqueous phase, in the cells, or in both. Many products are sensitive (thermolabile, pH changes) and therefore require mild recovery conditions. This article considers, from an industrial viewpoint, the principal physical and chemical recovery methods (and some combinations), special requirements and operation modes of equipment, performance and consumption data, an assessment of various recovery methods, as well as development trends, future requirements, and desirable studies. Production of foods, tissue cultures, and methods of a purely preparative nature are not considere

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBurstproofness of chemical apparatus. The first part of the paper deals with the safety requirements that have to be met by pressure vessels, the interaction of material behaviour and structural form, and the design principles in industrial codes. An important pre‐requisite for the avoidance of brittle fractures is material toughness also at those parts of the pressure vessels where increases in stress due to the shape of the vessels cannot be avoided. As a result of the development of new materials, the Dechema technical committee „Materials and design in the construction of chemical apparatus”︁ constituted the working party “Strength and toughness” in 1962 and assigned to it the task of carrying out bursting tests on model pressure vessels similar in size and shape to those used in practice, the purpose being to tudy the influence of material toughness and vessel shape on burstproofness. This study, which was completed early in 1979, is reported in the second part of t

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDeposition of aerosols. Modern measuring techniques have created the conditions necessary for testing and improvement of deposition processes developed in practice. Glass‐fibre mechanical filters are highly effective for low aerosol concentrations. Collection of fine dusts and mists is accomplished by processes employing a combination of several deposition mechanisms. The deposition performance of fibre filters for exhaust air purification has been improved to such an extent that process air can now be recycled, avoiding emissions and saving energy. Thus aerosol deposition technology has already reached a high level of performance. The feasibility of combining high deposition efficiency, reliability, and economy has already been demonstrated in individual case

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520112

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY