摘要:

AbstractWhat are the chances for the equipment manufacturers with the worldwide investments of the chemical industry? For years now the investment of the chemical industry in Germany is stagnant. A change of this situation for the near future cannot be expected. The export of plant equipment however has been increased considerably since the oil crisis. The chances as well as the risks of the equipment manufacturers as far as the worldwide investment of the chemical industry is concerned are being investigated. In particular this study deals with the situation in the developing countries, poor as well as rich in raw materials, in the Comecon countries and in the industrial countries. Furthermore the possibilities of exporting plant equipment, directly or via engineering companies or production of this equipment abroad are discussed.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDisposal of Radioactive Wastes. In this paper the problems and the status of the disposal of radioactive wastes in geologic formations are discussed, particular attention being paid to the suitability of salt formations. Furthermore, experiments on the disposal of radioactive wastes carried out in the former salt mine Asse are also described. After considering the concept of the future repository in the Waste Management Center the safety of such geological and mining disposal systems is examined and alternatives are discussed.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCrystallization – a Thermal Unit Operation. After a definition, this review summarizes important methods of growing single crystals (solution and melt operations), mass crystallization from melts and the gas phase, fractional crystallization (from solution and melts), simple mass crystallization from solution either as cooling, as evaporative, or as vacuum crystallization and necessary equipment, and describes classifying crystallizers. The special crystallization methods described are: reaction crystallization, precipitation, freezing out, adduct crystallization, and zone freezing. Among the peculiarities of crystallization, details are given of the crystal size distribution, habit modifications, Ostwald ripening, the growth rate of the small grain, and prillin

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConstruction of chemical plant – preparation and execution. The construction of chemical production plant must be carried out observing all factors necessary for reliability. Furthermore, it should be performed as rapidly as possible to minimize erection costs and to ensure that the plant comes on stream by the desired date. To meet these demands, large construction projects require careful preparation such as model construction, production of isometric drawings, estimates of material and labour requirements just as much as good organization of the construction site. Chemical companies with engineering departments mainly constructing plant for their own requirements and which, unlike engineering companies, do not have to pay attention to the individual wishes of their customers, are usually able to work more uniformly and effectively, and with less expenditure on coordinatio

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRegeneration of spent sulphuric acid. Several processes are available for the regeneration of spent sulphuric acid. Generally, the dilute acids containing at least 20% of H2SO4are preconcentrated to 60 – 70% and then either further concentrated to over 90% or decomposed to SO2. Purifying operations can be combined with these steps. Spent sulphuric acid highly contaminated with inorganic and organic compounds can frequently only be regenerated after a prior purification step, e. g. by extraction of electrolysis. Dilute spent sulphuric acid containing less than 20% of H2SO4can also be regenerated, but the costs incurred by evaporation increase out of proportion with decreasing sulphuric acid concentratio

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY