ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330650102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComparison of Licensing Procedures for Chemical Plant in Europe. In many European countries, licensing procedures for chemical plants are at present less laborious – much less, in some cases – than in Germany. In the countries of Southern Europe, in particular, the building license is granted separately from the operating license, enabling building work to begin at an early stage. On the one hand, processing periods and official management are able to facilitate and expedite the proceedings; on the other hand, increasingly complex approval procedures, such as the obtaining of a license under the German Federal Pollution Control Act, with an additional environmental impact assessment compatibility, result in further serious delays. The proposed EC Directive on the harmonization of licensing procedures will admittedly bring equality in terms of expense, procedure and duration, but Germany is likely to continue to play a pioneering role in plant‐related environmental protection, and hence also in the implementation of the licensing procedure, for a considerable period to

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330650103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCertification of Quality Assurance Systems. Assurance of quality, working in a systematic and documented manner with the aim of contributing to constant improvement of the quality levels of a company, is now standard practice. A visible sign of quality competence is a quality assurance system certificate that is issued by a neutral certification body after assessment of the effectiveness of existing quality assurance systems. The German Society for the Certification of Quality Assurance Systems (DQS), a neutral, not‐for‐profit institution, performs such assessment in Germany on the basis of DIN ISO standards 9001, 9002, or 9003, and issues certification of quality assurance syst

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330650104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEstimation of Investment Costs in Process Development. This article gives an overview of plant cost estimating; the corresponding data and authors who have described the individual methods can be obtained from the primary literature. The definitions, the present authors, own data and experience gained in Germany, the pros and cons in practice of each cost estimating method are presented. The turnover ratios, capacity ratio exponents, step‐counting methods, and factor methods are emphasized for cost estimating in a situation of comparative uncertainty in the early stages of a project, because unit cost methods and detailed cost estimating are often used for budgetin

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330650105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFeeders and Discharge Aids. Feeders and discharge aids have an influence on the flow behaviour of bulk solids in silos. Together with the geometric form of the silo, they are responsible for the operating conditions of a silo. Therefore, feeders and discharge aids have to be chosen and installed under consideration of the flow properties of the bulk solid to be stored. The necessary information is obtained by using the silo design method due to Jenike. This method yields the geometrical data of the hopper (wall steepness, outlet diameter) necessary for a troublefree operation (no doming and ratholing; mass flow; no segregation; uniform flow). Furthermore, the design of feeders and discharge aids plays an important role in determining their function. For example, stagnant zones will build up and cause flow problems on protruding edges and on walls which are not steep enough. For the correct function of the hopper/feeder combination it is important to make sure that the feeder fully activates the hopper outlet and stagnant zones cannot build up. This can be ensured by an appropriate feeder design (increasing capacity in direction of conveying). The driving power of a feeder has to be calculated also on the basis of the flow properties of the bulk solid to be stored.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330650106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330650107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330650108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330650109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330650110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330650111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY