摘要:

AbstractData acquisition, control, and automation in equipment for mechanical separation of liquids.Mass‐ and energy flow in a production process are accompanied by a flow of information. While data processing has reached a high standard, there is a lack of suitable sensors for acquisition of measured data in solid/liquid separation processes. Methods used for acquisition of data relevant to separation engineering are presented for selected separation equipment, possibilities of control with changing product properties are discussed, and unsolved problems of sensor technology are considere

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnergy from regenerable raw materials.In the long run, some of the agricultural areas in the Federal Republic of Germany will no longer be needed for food production, and could therefore be used for growing raw material plants in order to provide various sources of energy, such as wood, rape seed oil, ethanol, methanol, and biogas. With this indirect use of the solar power accumulated in the plants, the overall expenditure for fossilized fuel energy to produce these energy sources is lower than the amount of primary energy that can be substituted. Based on the assumption that 20% of farmland will be used to grow regenerable raw materials, it would be possible to replace approximately 7 million tons of coal equivalent (SKE) by wood or approximately 4 million tons of coal equivalent (SKE) by ethanol from sugar beet or methanol from wood. In the case of alcohol production from sugar beet, the total energy efficiency including the regenerative part of energy of about 74%, is lower than in the ethanol synthesis. At present, use of biomasses as an energy source is feasible only in a few rare cases, and can only be achieved if the regenerable raw materials are considered as an alternative to surplus food production or to the strategy of gradually using less acreage for growing food.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDesign of distillative separation with due consideration of thermodynamic aspects.This article presents a method for development of advantageous distillative separation equipment by starting from the ideal case of a thermodynamically loss free separation and applying simplifications. Process engineering boundary conditions can serve for clear divisions into individual areas. Possibilities of process integration by a direct thermal and mass linkage are indicated, and promising thermal networking measures are mentioned. The procedure is illustrated by examples.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCombustion engineering for environmental protection.Use of combustion as a means of environmentally sound disposal of gaseous, liquid, and solid industrial production residues places new demands on combustion engineering, depending upon the properties of the residues. High temperature process engineering has the task of ensuring reliable disposal while satisfying legal requirements concerning the quality of combustion. Combustion engineering as a means of residue disposal raises many questions of a scientific and practical nature, which will all have to be answered.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUse of laser Raman processes in combustion engineering.The utility of various laser Raman processes is surveyed. The author presents a general consideration of applicability, focussing mainly on linear Raman scattering and the nonlinear CARS effect, and making fundamental observations on the measuring procedures and the possibilities they offer for local and time‐based high‐resolution acquisition of temperature and concentration data in combustion processed. Results are reported. The scope for obtaining not only pointwise but also linearly and fieldwise distributed information with high time‐resolution is disc

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610112

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY