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Proceedings of the Chemical Society. February 1964 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society ,
Volume 1,
Issue February,
1964,
Page 37-72
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摘要:
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY FEBRUARY 1964 REPORT OF COUNCIL 1962-1 I. GENERAL Period of Report.-The financial section of this report and the sections dealing with appointments meetings and other events relate to the twelve months ended September 30th 1963. Statistical in- formation dealing with Fellowship and Publications however refers to the calendar year 1963 as this corresponds with the subscription period. 11. FELLOWSHIP 1. Statistics.-The Fellowship at December 31st 1963 was 14,169 and changes in the register are given in Table 1. TABLE 1. Fellowship changes. Additions Elections .. .. .. 1,443 Reinstatements .. .. 25 1,468 Deduct ions Deaths .. .. .. .. 62 Resignations .. Removals .. .. .. .. ..242 168 Miscellaneous .. .. .. 4 - 476 - Net 'Increase . .. .. 992 - 37 963 Although this increase is less than the exceptional figures reported for 1961-62 (1,408) it remains higher than in any other previous year. It was noted in the report for 1961-62 (Proceedings 1963 p. 35) that the proportion of Fellows resident outside the British Isles has increased in recent years. This tendency has continued and the proportion of Fellows overseas is now 38.8 % (1962 37.3%). The Council perhaps should not claim any particu- lar credit for this expansion for it is to be expected that membership should rise at a time when the world population of chemists is increasing. Indeed it might be claimed that the Society was failing to meet the obligations imposed by its Charter if under present conditions it did not attract year by year a growing list of candidates for election to the Fellow- ship.The expansion of chemical science and of the Chemical Society can be seen in the Fellowship register and in the past records of the Society. Since its foundation in 1841 the Society has admitted some 31,400 individuals to the Fellowship. Of these more than half were elected since the end of the Second World War and over one quarter in the past seven years. It is particularly interesting to observe the growth since the 1920s. (See the Figure.) By 1925 when the admission fee was abolished the membership had reached some 4,000.Later it was to fall and through- out the lean years of the 1930s it was always less than 4,000 and even the introduction for the first time in 1933 of a reduced subscription for Fellows under the age of 25 years of age did not appear to have a marked effect on the numbers applying for election.The Council was considerably concerned at this situation and special efforts were made to attract new Fellows. *3 8. 6.000 4.000 2.000 0 I92025 30 35 40 45 50 ss 60 65 Fellowship 1920-1963. It was not until the early years of the Second World War however that the figure once again rose above 4,000 and this growth was given an added impetus by the introduction in 1941 of the Joint Subscription Scheme whereby by means of a single payment individuals could pay subscriptions to a number of societies.By 1947 the Fellowship had risen to some 7,500 but increasing demands on the Society’s income and the rise in costs made it necessary to raise the annual subscription from E3 to E3 10s.-the first increase since 1921. During the next five years the Fellowship figure exceeded 9,OOO but again increasing costs forced the Council in 1953 to raise the annual sub- scription to E4 30s. For Fellows wishing to receive the Journal or other publications this subscription was very modest but it was soon to prove unattrac- tive to the many Fellows who although reluctant to sever their connection with the Society wished to make only a very limited choice from the range of publications then available. By 1954 it became ap- parent to the Council that the annual subscription would have to be divorced from publications generally and from the Journal in particular and it was decided to substitute a basic subscription of f2 2s.with entitlement to Proceedings only. Unfortu- nately it was impracticable to associate such a sub- scription with the joint subscription scheme which as then constituted was proving increasingly uneco- nomic and which was terminated from the end of PROCBJ3XNGS 1954. As an inauspicious consequence 1955 produced 712 resignations from the Society the highest ever recorded in one year. Since 1955 the subscription has remained at f2 2s. and subject to the need to maintain a sound financial position all publications have been available at advantageous prices to Fellows wishing to receive them.The financing of British Abstracts “A” how-ever proved an intolerable burden for the Society and publication was discontinued at the end of 1955. Today thanks to the improved facilities now avail- able and the steps taken by the Council assisted by Local Representatives and more recently by Liaison Officers to make these facilities better known the membership is more than 14,000. With the constantly increasing size and cost of scientific journals it is unreasonable to suppose that this measure of success could have been achieved if the annual subscription had remained tied to the price at which the Society could afford to sell the Journal to its Fellows. 2. Honorary Fellows.-Three new Honorary Fellows were elected during the year Professor Melvin Calvin (California) ; Professor Jaroslav Heyrovsky (Prague) ; Professor Edgar Lederer (Gif-sur-Yvette).The Council regrets to report the death during the year of Professor Niels Bohr who was elected an Honorary Fellow in 1929. 3. Honours.-The congratulations of the Society have been conveyed to a number of Fellows who were honoured in the New Year or Birthday Honours Lists including Knights Bachelor Gilbert Edward Archey James Wilfred Cook Ronald Holroyd Ewart Ray Herbert Jones Percy Frederick Ronald Venables Norman Charles Wright C.B.E. Frederick Mason Brewer (died February 1963) Arthur William Chapman John Cowdery Kendrew Max Ferdinand Perutz Frederick Sanger Bernard Charles Saunders John Bamber Speakman Alfred Rent5 John Paul Ubbelohde Since the last report the Council has been pleased to note the award of the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chem- istry jointly to Dr.J. C. Kendrew and Dr. M. F. Perutz and the award of medals of the Royal Society to Sir Cyril Hinshelwood (Copley Medal) Professor D. M. Newitt (Rumford Medal) and Professor H. J. EmelCus (Davy Medal). FEBRUARY 1964 111. PUBLICATIONS 1. Publications Survey.-The Council has author- ised a Publications Survey (see Proceedings 1963 p. 73) the objects of which are to study and report on the needs problems and possible developments in the publication of chemical information and to recommend actions on an informed basis whereby the pattern of publications can more adequately meet present and future needs of those who publish and those who read alike; the survey and its recom- mendations are to be embodied in a report that will be published; the survey to be complete within two years.The Council appointed Dr. R. S. Cahn to conduct this survey half-time from March lst and full-time from September lst with the title of Director of Publications Research. A Publications Survey Committee has been formed to receive the report of the Director of Publications Research and to make recommenda- tions to Council. This Committee is at present con- stituted as follows Dr. J. W. Barrett Honorary Treasurer as Chairman Professor J. S. Anderson Dr. R. E. Fairbairn Professor W.G. Overend Pro- fessor B. C. L. Weedon Dr. w. J. Whelan the Director of Publications Research the Editor and the General Secretary. 2. Journal.-(a) Receipts. The number of Papers and Notes submitted in 1963 (Table 2) was again substantially greater than in 1962 (1963,1,365 ;1962 1,269) and though the rate of increase was not as much as in 1962 it was still well above the average for previous years (percentage increases :1963-1 962 7.5; 1962-1961,12.5; 1961-1960,4.0; 196b1959 2.6%). However there are still too few data to permit realistic extrapolation to the future. It is noteworthy (Table 3) that overseas receipts have recently increased at a slightly greater rate than home receipts (and indeed more than half the in- crease in 1963 was accounted for by overseas papers).(b) Publications. As forecast in the Report for 1962 the Journal for 1963 was the largest yet pro- duced (Tables 2 and 4) and would have been even larger had not editorial changes decreased temporari- ly the amount of fully-trained staff available. The division of Papers and Notes between the various sections of chemistry (Table 5) does not show any change or trend requiring comment. Contributions published in 1963 from industrial laboratories and industrial research organisations totalled 128 (including 12jointly with academic insti-tutions and 1 with a Government organisation); this represents 11% of the total (the figures for 1962 were 95 and 9.3%; for 1961 123 and 11.2%). Published contributions from Government sources were 56 (including 12 jointly with academic or industrial organisations) amounting to 4-8%of the total (1962 53 and 5.2%).TABLE2. Contributions to the Journal. 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 Papers and Notes received . . .. .. .. Less rejected or withdrawn .. .. .. 1,056 51 - 1,084 56 - 1,127 80 - 1,269 71 - 1,365 88 - Papers and Notes published.. .. .. .. No. of pages (Papers and Notes) . . .. .. Average number of pages per contribution .. 1,005 840 4,141 4-93 1,028 1,022 5,276 5.16 1,047 1,094 5,563 5.08 1,198 1,019 5,303 5-23 1,277 1,165 6,079 5-22 TABLE3. Numbers of Submissions to the Journal. Total No. .. .. U.K. No. .. .. Overseas No. .. .. Overseas % of Total 1959 1960 .. .. .. .. 1,056 1,084 .. .... 802 857 .. .. .. .. 254 227 .. .. .. .. 24 21 TABLE4. Types of Items in the Journal. 1959 1960 Papers (Physical Organic) . . .. .. Papers (Organic) .. .. .. .. Notes .. .. .. .. .. .. Papers (General Physical and Inorganic). . .. .. .. .. 156 394 108 182 - 197 461 112 222 - 840 1,022 1961 1962 1963 1,127 1,269 1,365 849 945 991 278 324 374 24 25 27 1961 1962 1963 236 237 280 201 197 193 498 430 495 159 155 197* - 1,094 1,019 1,165 General Physical Inorganic 46; Physical Organic 31 ;Organic 120. Published contributions from outside the United Kingdom (see Table 6) during 1963 numbered 296 (including 13 jointly with British laboratories) amounting to 25.4% of the total (1962 264 and 26.0%).3. Proceedings.-Proceedings for 1963 contained 21 6 short scientific Communications the Presidential address and the Annual Report of Council 5 lec-tures 8 special articles 13 obituary notices together with short reports of several official meetings and various recurring items. The standard required for acceptance and the acceptance rate for Communications were main- tained at the 1962 level (acceptance rate in 1963 57.5 %; in 1962,57 %) and as the number submitted increased (from 347 in 1962 to 375 in 1963) more space was required for Communications (monthly average 16.6 pages per issue in 1963;14.7 in 1962). (See Table 7.) The wide appeal of Proceedings as a method of publication of urgent short communications is indi- cated by the fact that 40% of all receipts are from overseas (of which 18% are from the U.S.A.and 12% from the Commonwealth). It is satisfactory since the Society uses need for urgency as an over- riding criterion in its refereeing of Communications that 80 % of Communications published appear within two months of receipt. 4. Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry for 1962 Vol. LM.-This volume contained 565 pages (530 in Vol. LVIII) and was issued in August 1963. 5. Quarterly Reviews 1963 Vol. XVII.-This contained 16 articles occupying 487 pages. The previous volume had contained 17 articles and totalled 447 pages. 6. Current Chemical Papers.-Tables 8 and 9 give the customary statistics for this publication. PROCEEDINGS 7. Russian Chemical Journals.-The Society re- mains responsible for publication with the support of D.S.I.R.of cover-to-cover translations of three publications of the Academy of Science of U.S.S.R. Zhurnal neorgun ischesko i Kh im ii Zhurnal fizichesko i Khimii and Uspekhi Khimii. The combined circula- tion of these Journals has increased by about 16% during the year and further measures are planned to bring these publications to the notice of potential subscribers and to reduce the time taken to prepare and publish the translations. IV. OTHERACTIVITIES 1. Anniversary Meetings and Symposia.-The Anniversary Meetings were held in Cardiff on March 26-29th 1963 and included the Presidential address by Professor J. M. Robertson entitled “Contribu- tions of 2’-Ray Analysis to Natural Product Chem- istry” and Symposia on “Some Recent Develop- ments in Alkaloid Chemistry” “Some New Aspects of Terpene Chemistry” and “Mechanisms of Ionic Polymerisation”.The usual symposium was not arranged in the summer because of the meeting in London of the XIXth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2. Other Scientific Meetings and Lectures.-Details of meetings held in London and in other centres arranged by Local Representatives have been published in Proceedings. They included many meetings arranged jointly with University Student Chemical Societies and local sections of other bodies. In September 1963 the Society sponsored a small symposium on “Recent Work in Biosynthesis” held at the Medway College of Technology and the second informal Oxford Inorganic Discussion en- titled “Ultraviolet and Visible Spectra of Metal Complexes” held at Oxford.3. Library.-At the end of June the Joint Library Committee suffered a severe loss by the death of its Chairman Professor E. D. Hughes who had held office for almost five years. Professor J. S. Anderson has been appointed Chairman in his place. TABLE 5. Percentage Distribution of Papers in the Journal. Papers (General Physical Inorganic) Papers (Physical Organic) . . .. Papers (Organic) .. .. .. Notes .. .. .. .. .. 1961 A B 1962 A B 1963 A B .. .. .. . . 21.6 25-3 18.3 20-0 45.5 54.7 -14.6 23.3 26.7 19.3 21-3 42.2 52-0 15.2 - 24.0 28.0 16.6 19.2 42.5 52.8 16-9 - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 A Notes not classified.B Notes classified and included with Papers. FEBRUARY 1964 41 TABLE6. Journal :Items Published from Outside United Kingdom. (Parentheses indicate publication jointly with a British laboratory) 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 Australia . . .. .. .. . . 57 (10) 74 (1) 71 (2) 77 (4) 60(1) Canada .. .. .. .. . . 4 (3) 3 6 (2) 9 (2) 12 (2) India Pakistan Ceylon .. .. . . 19 (1) 14 (1) 14 13 13 (1) New Zealand . . .. .. .. 17 11 14 17 16 Commonwealth-Other Countries .. 27 (5) 14 (2) 15 (1) 12 (1) 10 South Africa .. .. .. . . 10 8 (1) 4 11 13 (1) Irish Republic .. .. .. .. 3 1 5 7 12 U.S.A. .. .. .. .. .. 16 (6) 24 (1) 29 (4) 35 (2) 54 (6) Egypt .. .. .. .. .. 13 12 14 9 (1) 17 France .... .. .. .. 6 6 7 (1) 2 8 Hungary .. .. .. .. .. 1 3 5 1 Israel.. .. .. .. .. .. 18 27 36 (1) 36 32 Italy .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 3 38 6 (1) 3 (1) * * Japan .. .. .. .. * * 8 2 (1) 6 Belgium .. .. .. .. .. 4 -7 * * Roumania .. .. .. .. .. * * -4 1 (1) Switzerland .. .. .. .. .. 12 (3) 13 (1) Miscellaneous . . .. .. *. 19 (1) 11 (2) 20 (3) 14 20t 212 (26) 211 (8) 259 (14) 264 (16) 296 (13) * Included under miscellaneous. t Includes 10 for African territories. TABLE 7. Numbers of Communications in Proceedings. 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 Number received . . .. .. .. .. 203 236 326 347 375 Percentage increase over previous year .. .. 60 16 38 6.4 8 Number published . .. .. .. .. 148 170 218 197 216 Acceptance rate* .. .. .. .. .. 73 72 67 57 57.5 * 100 x No.published/No. received. TABLE8. Summary of Contents of Current Chemical Papers. 1955 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 Titles of papers listed .. .. .. 21,360 27,440 27,916 28,433 31,101 3 1,294 Pages of Current Chemical Papers .. 706 909 913 1,091 1,090 1,115 Total no. of journals scanned .. .. 469 521 539 537 582 604 Issues of journals yielding titles . . 2,277 2,624 2,369 2,330 2,415 2,425 Issues not yielding titles .. .. 1,438 1,392 1,443 1,559 1,707 2,016 TABLE9. Languages used in Papers included in Current Chemical Papers. Approximate percentages. 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 English .. .. .. .. .. .. 55.4 53-9 55.9 55.6 55.9 Russian .. .. .. .. .. .. 14.0 17-1 15.5 17.5 19.6 German .. .. .. .. .. .. 13.5 12.0 12.1 11.6 11.0 Japanese .... .. .. .. .. 4-8 5.9 5.6 5.1 4.7 French .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. 5.2 5.1 4-8 4.8 4-3 Czech . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 1-0 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.5 Italian .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.2 1.7 1-7 1.7 1.3 Polish .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.3 1.0 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 42 PROCEEDINGS TABLE10. Library Services. 1958-59 195940 1960-61 196142 196243 Additions to the Library Books .. .. .. ‘. .. 299 262 317 368 348 Pamphlets . . .. .. .. 35 36 56 43 37 Attendances .. .. .. .. 7,512 7,623 7,726 8,433 9,042 Books loaned In person .. .. .. .. 4,086 6,546 6,861 7,283 7,972 By post. . .. .. .. .. 3,800 4,293 8,162 8,882 8,698 7,886 10,839 15,023 16,165 16,670 Photocopies supplied Microfilm .... .. .. 3,686 3,565 2,388 1,779 913 Prints .. .. .. .. .. 3,600 5,397 5,515 16,228 *32,557 7,286 8,962 7,903 18,007 33,470 * Excluding copies supplied for internal use. Table 10 indicates the continued development of Library services during the year and as was fore- shadowed in the last report the demand for photo- copying has increased very substantially. The cost of supplying “Xerox” prints has been reduced but it has been necessary to increase charges for micro- film and the demand for this has now almost ceased. Other Societies in Burlington House as well as the Royal Institution are now making use of the photo- copying service. The introduction of new methods of recording loans and of despatching books has increased the efficiency of the Library services but unfortunately the necessity to store more material away from Burlington House compels a reduction in the literature readily accessible to readers.It will be remembered that the reconstruction of the Library in 1955 appreciably relieved pressure on the accom- modation in Burlington House but because of the growth in abstract and other journals in the inter- vening years the situation is again becoming critical. The Society’s accommodation problems are under active consideration and the Council is fully aware of the pressing needs of the Library. Seventeen new periodicals were added during the year and a total of 665 are currently renewed. v. FINANCE AND ADMINISTRATION 1. General Purposes Account.-The cost of administration is reduced because payment for work done under contract for D.S.I.R.in connection with the production sale and distribution of translations of Russian Chemical Journals has led to some saving on overhead costs and because as a result of the recent staff reorganisation there has been a reduc- tion of expenditure. This reduction also affects to a lesser extent the Publications and Library accounts. This saving and the rising income from subscriptions and from investments has enabled the Society to meet the increased cost of almost all the activities of the Society. 2. Publications Account.-The circulation of all publications has again increased and this has pro- duced a larger income. However costs have also risen and expenditure has exceeded income on the Journal and Proceedings as well as on Current Chem- ical Papers.To rectify this situation and to meet the further increase in costs which is inevitable in 1964 a substantial increase in selling price of these two publications has been approved. (Proceedings 1963 p. 250). The Council is of the opinion that these increases will cover for several years the probable rise in costs as well as the continued growth in the number of papers accepted for publication. However steps have been taken to keep the size of the Journal under review at regular intervals in order that further measures can be taken as may be necessary. 3. Library Account.-Expenditure on the Library is lower than in the previous year.This arises from a temporary reduction in the cost of binding from the general reduction in overheads; and from the increased productivity of the photocopying service. 4. Investments.-The value of the Society’s General Purposes Fund investments shows an im- FEBRUARY 1964 provement for the fifth successive year. Table 11 indicates that although nearly f50,000 has been added to the fund in the period the value has increased by over El 16,000. TABLE 1 1. Investments. Cost after allowing for net profit or loss on investments sold Value s E 30.9.59 .. .. 118,400 131,463 30.9.60 .. .. 140,851 185,354 30.9.61 .. .. 157,131 200,458 30.9.62 .. .. 167,694 2 19,443 30.9.63 .. .. 168,004 247,942 These figures and the improvement in the value of Trust Fund investments indicate the success of the policy adopted by the Council and followed by the Society’s investment advisers Messrs.J. Henry Schroder Wagg & Co. Ltd. 5. Council.-The following appointments were announced at the Annual General Meeting held in Cardiff on March 28th 1963 Vice-presidents who have not filled the office of President Sir Harry Melville Mr. M. W. Perrin Elected Ordinary Members of Council Constituency I Dr. L. Crombie Professor B. C. L. Weedon Constituency II Dr. A. B. Foster Constituency 111 Professor J. Lewis Constituency V Professor P. L. Pauson 6. Local Representatives.-During the year the Council has appointed separate Local Representa- tives for St.Andrews and Dundee. Local Representa- tives have also been appointed for the first time at Brighton and Nonvich covering the new Univer- sities of Sussex and East Anglia respectively. Changes of Local Representatives and new appoint- ments are listed Birmingham .. Dr. E. J. Forbes in place of Dr. A. B. Foster Brighton .. Dr. R. A. Jackson Bristol .. . . Dr. W. D. Ollis in place of Dr. R. Parsons Dr. L. Hough subsequently re- placed Dr. Ollis on the latter’s departure from the area Cardiff. . .. Dr. J. H. Thomas in place of Dr. A. R. Pinder Dundee .. Dr. D. E. Hoare (previously representing St. Andrews and Dundee) Durham . . Dr. H. M. M. Shearer in place of Dr. F. Glockling Northern Dr. H. G. Heal in place of Ireland Dr.M. F. Grundon Norwich .. Dr. R. A. Y. Jones St. Andrews .. Dr. C. Horrex (previously Liaison Officer at St. Andrews) Tees-side .. Dr. L. A. Duncanson in place of Dr. I. J. Faulkner 7.Liaison Officers.-The full list of Liaison Officers appears as an Appendix to this Report. A number of retirements and appointments have been made during the year but in recognising that Liaison Officers can do much to make known the facilities which the Society is able to offer the Council is very willing to consider further appointments. 8. Fellowship Elections Committee.-To ensure that all applications for Fellowship are adequately scrutinised a Fellowship Elections Committee has been set up to advise the Council. The Committee consists of Professor K.W. Sykes (Chairman) Professor D. P. Craig and Dr. W. Gerrard. 9. Editorial Staff.-The Society suffered a sad loss by the death in April of Dr. A. D. Mitchell Assistant Editor from 1926 until his retirement at the end of 1962. Dr. R. S. Cahn relinquished the post of Editor which he had held since 1949 on his full-time appoint- ment on September 1st as Director of Publications Research. Dr. L. C. Cross Deputy Editor was appointed to succeed Dr. Cahn as Editor and Mr. G. P. Pollard was appointed Senior Assistant Editor. Dr. N. A. Keen and Dr. D. C. Veal have joined the staff as Assistant Editors. VI. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Council expresses its grateful appreciation to the many Fellows and others who have given freely of their services during the year and who have assisted with the Society’s meetings publications and other activities.The Council also wishes to place on record its gratitude to numerous donors of books and pamphlets to the Library. PROCEEDINGS APPENDIX Liaison Oficers as at December 31st 1963 Admiralty Materials Labora- Chesterford Park Research tory Poole . . .. .. Dr. T. C. Ovenston Station Fisons Pest Control Aero Research Ltd. (CIBA) Cambridge .. .. .. Dr. B. P. Stark Ash burton Chemical Works Manchester .. .. .. Dr. F. R. Basford Battersea College of Tech-nology London S.W.11 .. Dr. J. E. Salmon Bedford College London N.W.l .. .. .. Dr. M. M. Harris Birkbeck College London w.c.1 .. .. .. Dr. D. J. G.Ives College of Advanced Tech-nology Birmingham .. Dr. A. Holt Bolton Technical College .. Dr. G. W. Wood Boots Pure Drug Co. Not- tingham . . .. .. Dr. J. R. Marshall Borough Polytechnic London S.E. 1 .. .. . . Dr. J. R. Powell Bournemouth Municipal Col- lege . . .. .. .. Dr. D. J. Collins Bradford Institute of Tech-nology . . .. .. Dr. G. Shaw Brewing Industry Research Foundation Nutfield Red- hill .. .. .. . . Dr. G. Harris Brighton College of Tech-nology .. .. .. Mr. J. D. Donald British Hydrocarbon Chem-icals Ltd. Grangemouth .. Dr. M. M. Wirth British Nylon Spinners Ltd. Pontypool . . .. .. Dr. A. C. Davis British Resin Products Glamorgan .. .. .. Mr. R. A. Sutton British Titan Products Bil-lingham .. .. .. Dr.A. E. Comyns Brunel College of Technology London W.3 .. .. Dr. J. H. Skellon Sir John Cass College, London E.C.3 . . . . Mr. D. W. Wilson Chelsea College of Science and Technology London S.W.3 Dr. J. F. J. Dippy Chemical Defence Experi-mental Establishment Salis- bury .. .. .. Dr. J. M. Wright Chester Beatty Research Insti- tute London S.W.3 .. Dr. C. L. Leese Ltd. Saffron Walden . . Dr. G. T. Newbold Clayton Aniline Company, Manchester .. .. Dr. E. N. Abrahart University College Cork . . Professor F. L. Scott Derby and District College of Technology .. .. Dr. C. M. Atkinson Fawley District (Monsanto Chemicals Ltd.) . . .. Dr. F. J. Smith Flintshire Technical College Chester . . .. .. Dr. C. G. Lyons University College Galway.. Professor P. O’Colla Glamorgan College of Tech- nology .. .. .. Mr. L. H. Thomas Glasgow University .. .. Dr. S. J. Thomson Robert Gordon’s Technical College Aberdeen .. Dr. M. B. Watson Royal Naval College Green- wich .. .. .. Dr. J. H. Pryor Harris College Preston .. Dr. J. L. Lathani Hatfield Technical College .. Dr. R. F. Robbins Heriot-Watt College Edin-burgh .. .. .. Professor F. Bell Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Alkali Division Northwich .. .. .. Dr. H. L. Roberts Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Dyestuffs Division Blackley . . .. .. Dr. G. de W. Anderson Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Nobel Division Stevenston .. .. .. Dr. R. C. Anderson Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Pharmaceuticals Division Alderley Edge ..Dr. R. Hull Imperial College London s.w.7 .. .. .. Dr. J. A. Elvidge King’s College London w.c.2 .. .. .. Dr. C. W. Rees FEBRUARY 1964 Kingston -on -Thames Tech- nical College .. .. Mr. N. Lindop Lanchester College of Tech- nology Coventry . . .. Dr. W. J. Geary Leicester College of Tech-nologyandCommerce . . Dr. A. J. Nunn Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine London S.W.3. . Dr. W. J. Whelan Arthur D. Little Research Institute Edinburgh . . Dr. W. Banks College of Technology Liver- pool . . .. .. .. Mr. C. B. F. Rice University College London w.c.1 .. .. .. Dr. A. G. Davies Loughborough College of Technology .. . . Mr. G. Oldham Manchester University . . Dr. G. F.Smith Medway College of Tech-nology Chatham .. . . Dr. C. E. Seaman Midland Silicones Ltd. Barry Glamorgan .. .. .. Dr. F. C. Saunders Monsanto Chemicals Ltd. Newport .. .. . . Dr. T. T. Jones Monsanto Chemicals Ltd. Ruabon . . .. .. Dr. R. A. Baxter National Chemical Labora-tory Teddington -. . Dr. J. Idris Jones Northampton College of Ad- vanced Technology Lon-don E.C.l .. .. . . Dr. D. J. Alner Northern Polytechnic Lon-don N.7 .. .. .. Dr. W. Gerrard Nottingham and District Technical College .. . . Dr. D. Harrison Organon Laboratories Ltd. Newhouse-by-Motherwell. . Dr. C. L. Hewett Paint Research Station Ted- dington .. ,. .. Dr. S. H. Bell Paisley College of Technology Mr. G. R. Jamieson Petrochemicals Ltd. Urmston Dr.A. V. Mercer The Technical College Ply- mouth .. .. .. Dr. A. B. Meggy Portsmouth College of Tech-nology .. .. .. Dr. J. W. Griffin Schoolw.c.1of Pharmacy London .. .. .. Professor W. B. Whalley Queen Elizabeth College Lon- don W.8 .. .. .. Dr. P. F. G. Praill Queen Mary College. London E.1 .. .. .. .. Dr. R. F. Garwood Royal Aircraft Establishment Farnborough .. .. Mr. G. A. Earwicker Royal Holloway College Englefield Green Surrey . . Dr. T. G. Bonner Royal Military College of Science Shrivenham . . Professor J. H. Turnbull Royal Technical College Sal- ford .. .. .. .. Dr. H. Suschitzky Rutherford College of Tech-nology Newcastle .. .. Dr. R. Hemming Shirley Institute ,ManChester Dr. F. S. H. Head Slough College of Further Education .... .. Dr. B. W. V. Hawes South-West Essex Technical College London E.17 .. Dr. S. Lewin Stockport College for Further Education .. .. .. Mr. H. H. Armstrong Sunderland Technical College Dr. W. R. Longworth U.K.A.E.A. Dounreay Ex-perimental Reactor Estab- lishment . . .. .. Mr. P. Lees U.K.A.E.A. Risley Nr. Warrington Lancs. .. Dr. H. C. Dunn Unilever Ltd. Sharnbrook . . Mr. D. Welti Welsh College of Advanced Technology Cardiff .. Dr. V. Askam Westfield College London N.W.3 .. .. .. Professor W. Klyne West Ham College of Tech-nology London E.15 .. Dr. F. L. Allen Whitehaven College of Further Education .. .. .. Mr. W. P. Thistlewaite Woolwich Polytechnic Lon- don S.E.18 .. .. Dr. A. I.Vogel Wrexham Technical College. . Dr. E. W. Claydon FEBRUARY 46 PROCEEDINGS 1964 47 THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY I~mm ACCOUNTS ~OTHSEPTEMBER,1963 AND EXPENDMWRE FOR THE YEAR ENDED 1961162 1962/63 1961/62 1962163 Expenditure Income General Purposes General Purposes E E E E E f f E Administration Fellows' Subscriptions 9,398 Salaries Superannuation etc. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7,825 24,662 For 1962/63 .. .. .. .. .. .. . . 26,452 991 House Expenses etc. .. .. .. .. .. 1,388 224 For previous years .. .. .. .. .. .. 238 1,658 Stationery Postages and Offie Exbnses . . .. .. .. 1,557 24,886 26,690 1,460 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,121 8,965 Income from Investments . .. .. .. .. .. 9,865 13,507 11,891 3,255 Deposit Interest .. .. .... .. .. .. 39 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,784 857 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 704 2,093 Meetings 00 1,929 Local Represent&& .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,038 871 Travelling .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,078 289 Capital Improvements. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Transfers PublicationsAccount-Cost of Annual Reports and Quarterly Reviews for Fellows under 3,914 27 years of age .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,397 Library Account-5,183 Books Periodicals etc. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,126 3,104 Maintenance .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,3I0 800 Staff Pensions Fund ' .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 800 5,000 Accommodation Reserve . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 6,000 18,001 19,633 Balance being Excess of Income over Expenditure carried to Balance 1,273 Sheet. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... 3,835 f37,963 f40,259 €37,963 f40,259 Staff Pensions Fund E fL Staff Pensions Fund 1,004 Pensions .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,004 E E 18 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 224 Income from Investments .. .. .. .. .. .. 287 Balance being Excess of Income over Expenditure carried to Balance 800 Transfer from General Purposes Account . . .. .. .. .. 800 228 Sheet.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 326 226 Refund of Premiums .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 263 El ,250 f1,350 €1,250 €1,350 FEBRUARY 48 PROCEEDINGS 1964 49 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30l"H SEPTEMBER 1963 1961 /62 1962/63 1961/62 1962163 fipenditure Income PUbliCatiOnS Publications € € € € € E 88,417 Journal and Proceedingsof the Chemical Society .... .. 102,078 Sales Advertisements and Transfer from General Purposes Account 7,953 Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry . . .. .. .. 9,005 89,615 Journal and Proceedings of the Chemical Society . . .. .. 92.314 6.9 13 Quarterly Reviews .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7,671 11,454 Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry .. .. .. 121288 14,952 Current Chemical Papers .. .. .. .. .. 16,476 1131 1 Quarterly Reviews .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12,138 5,000 Transfer to Accommodation'Reseke .. .. .. .. .. -13,218 Current Chemical Papers .. .. .. .. .. .. 13,900 -Publications Survey . . .. .. .. .. .. 3,172 19 Other Publications .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 121 Balance being Excess of Inlhme over Exknditure carried to Balance 125,817 130,761 3,051 Sheet.. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. -469 Income from Investments .. .. .. .. .. .. 470 -Grant The Chemical Council .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,226 Balance being Excess of Expenditure over Income carried to Balance Sheet .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,945 €126,286 E138,402 €126,286 €138,402 -SpecialPublications Fund € € SpecialPublications Fund E € 3,569 Sales and Royalties *. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,186 2,014 Cost of Publications . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,126 164 Income from Investments .. .. .. .. .. .. 163 43 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 42 Balance being Excess' of Income over Expenditure carried to Balance 628 Deposit Interest . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 575 2,304 Sheet.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,756 €4,361 €4.924 €4,361 €4,924 --Library Library E € E s E E E E € E 61 1 Grant The Chemical Council .. .. .. .. 350 4,369 Books and Periodicals .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,974 816 Library Subscribers .. .. .. .. 947 1,765 Binding .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 840 408 Less Transfer to Maintenance .. .. .. .. 474 68 Furniture .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 135 408 473 6,202 5,949 5,183 Transfer from General Purposes Account . . .. 5,126 6,202 5,949 Maintenance 9,989 Salaries Superannuation etc. .. .. .. .. .. . . 9,624 Maintenance: 97 Rebinding .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 66 Contributions towards Maintenance : 2,547 House Expenses etc. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,809 Through the Chemical Council- 890 Stationery Postages and Office Expense;' .. .. .. .. 519 3,104 Chemical Society . . .. .. .. 3,3 10 273 13,796 Miscellaneous .. .. .... .. .. .. .. 247 5,349 Royal Institute of Chemistry . . .. .. 5,703 13,265 1,564 Society of Chemical Industry .. .. 1,668 1. 597 Faraday Society .. .. .. .. 636 41 8 Society for Analytical Chemistry. . .. .. 446 907 Biochemical Society .. .. 968 1,389 Chemical Council (Direct Grant)' . .. .. -13,328 12,731 From other sources- 50 Institute of Brewing . .. .. .. 50 10 Society of Dyers and Colourists .. .. .. 10 60 60 408 Library Subscribers .. .. .. .. .. 474 13,796 13,265 €19,998 €19,214 €19,998 €19,214 FEBRUARY 50 PROCEEDINGS 1964 51 THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY GENERAL BALANCE SHEET 30-m SEPTEMBER 1963 1962 1963 1962 1963 Liabilities Assets € E E 5 € € a. 36,386 Sundry Creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 34,974 Investments at cost or value when acquired Receipts in Advance 8,378 Publications Fund (Market Value E9,245) .... .. .. 8,378 6,482 Fellows’ Subscriptions .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6,802 2,915 Special Publications Fund (Market Value €3;217) .. .. . .. 2,915 26,075 Sales of Publications etc. .. .. ,. .. ,. .. 26,874 5,345 Staff Pensions Fund (Market Value 56,083) .. .. .. .. .. 5,349 32,557 33,676 172,589 General Purposes(Market Value €247,942) .. .. .. .. .. 178,722 55,339 General Reserve .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 55,339 Accommodation Reserve 21,132 Sundry Debtors and payments in advance .. .. .. .. 24,138 -Balance at 1st October 1962 .. .. .. .. 10,000 5,ooo Transfer from General Purposes Income and Expenditure Account 6,ooo 5,353 Stock of Paper . . .. .* .. .. .. .. .... 6,688 5,000 Transfer from Publications Income and Expenditure Account .. -10,Ooo 16,000 62,801 Deposits (E63,620) Current Balances at Banks and Cash in Hand .. .. 68,922 Life Composition Fees 6,3 13 Balance at 1st October 1962 .. .. .. .. .. .. 6,378 65 Add Receipts during year .. .. .. *. .. .. 91 6,378 6,469 (Stocks of publications are not included) 8,378 Publications Fund .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8,378 Special Publications Fund; ’ 15,504 Balance at 1st October 1962 . . .. .. .. .. .. 17,808 2,304 Add Excess of Income over Expenditure for the year .. .. 2,756 20,564 17,808 Staff Pensions Fund Balance at 1st October 1962 . . .. .. .. .. 5,608 5,379 -Add Net Profit on change of Investments Excess of Income over Expenditure for the year .... 326 5,608 5,940 Accumulated Fund 94,497 Balance at 1st October 1962 .. .. .. .. .. 106,059 7,238 Add Net Profit on change of Investrn&ts .. .. .. .. 5,823 Excess of Income over Expenditure for the year- 1,273 General Purposes .. .. .. .. *. .. 3,835 I 3,051 Publications .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 115,717 Deduct Excess of Expenditure over Income for the year- -Publications .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,945 106,059 113,772 . . .. .. .. 6 E278,513 E295,112 E278,513 E295,112 P’ J. W. BARRETT,Honorary Treasurer. We have examined the General Balance Sheet the Trust and Lecture Funds Balance Sheet and accompanying Income and Expenditure Accounts with the Books and Vouchers of the Society and certify them to be in accordance therewith and in our opinion correct.Overhead Expenditure has been reduced by E2,377 received for work done under contract. We have verified the Balances with the Bankers and the Investments. FINSBURY HOUSE W. B. KEEN& Co. CTRCUS BLOMFIELD E.C.2 Chartered Accountants. STREET, 23rd January 1964 PROCEEDINGS TRUST AND LECTURE FUNDS Income and Expenditure Accounts for the Year ended 30th September 1963 1961/62 1962163 -I a a nw a -2 k %g 4 2 + OL4 3 gs Trust FUIlds $1 xgc afi gg -a2 9 "4 w %L2 2 E E E € 206 81 +125 Ethel Behrens Fund .. .. .. 134 89 ++ 45 34 1,296 749 +547 Centenary Fund .. 1,502 1,468 595 531 + 64 Corday-Morgan Medal and Prize'Fund ' 686 481 +205 777 666 +111 Corday-Morgan Memorial Fund .. 885 669 +216 26 61 -35 Faraday Lecture Fund .. .. .. 28 2 + 26 38 3 + 35 Robert John Flintoff Trust .. 43 79 -36 53 10 + 43 Edward Frank Harrison Trust F&d .. 57 127 -70 32 64 -32 Liversidge Lecture Fund .. .. .. 36 3 + 33 31 2 Pedler Lecture Fund . . .. .. 36 56 -20 1,216 1,174 Research Fund .. .. 1,438 1,281 +157 + +++ 42 95 24 29 133 38 Robert Robinson Lecture' Fund .. 203 28 +175 26 2 Simonsen Lecture Fund .. .. .. 30 2 130 114 + 16 Tilden Lecture Fund .. .. .. 147 115 ++ 28 32 Balance Sheet 30th September 1963 1962 1963 E E € € Fund Balances 2,436 Ethel Behrens Fund .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,567 24,860 Centenary Fund-Capital Account .. .. .. .. .. 24,864 2,615 Income Account .. .. .. .. .. 2,648 27,475 27,512 12,499 Corday-Morgan Medal and Prize Fund .... .. .. 12,704 16,122 Corday-Morgan Memorial Fund .. .. .. .. .. 16,338 516 Faraday Lecture Fund .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 542 805 Robert John Flintoff Trust .. .. .. .. .. 769 1,105 Edward Frank Harrison Trust Fund .. .. .. .. .. 1,035 668 Liversidge Lecture Fund . . .. .. .. .. .. 701 683 Pedler Lecture Fund .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 663 23,232 Research Fund .. .. .. .. .. .. 23,389 3,514 Robert Robinson Lecture Fund' . . .. .. .. .. 4,097 552 Simonsen Lecture Fund .. .. ,. .. .. .. 580 2,725 Tilden Lecture Fund . . .. .. *. .. .. .. 2,757 €92,332 E93,654 -_I_ Represented by: 88,203 Combined Pool of Trust Investments .. .. .. .. 88,563 (Market Value E92,458) 4,157 Balances at Banks (including Deposits) .... .. .. 4,826 740 Sundry Debtors . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 864 93,100 94,253 768 Less Sundry Creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. 599 &92,332 $93,654 -.I_ FEBRUARY 1964 53 CHRISTMAS COMPETITION THEEditor thanks the thirty-eight correspondents who submitted answers to the last Christmas Com- petition which called for little Tommy’s answers to the following questions. What are (a) Birch reduction (6) Bitter principles (c) Catalysis (d) Chemical shifts (e) Conformational analysis (f)Luciferin (g) Optical activity (h) Royal jelly Theme (a) perhaps naturally invoked a concern with corporal punishment as in “Birch reduction is one of the objects of the Howard League for Penal Reform” (C.J.M.) slimming “A method of slimming employed in Sauna baths in Scandinavia” (P.M.B.) or the well-being of certain trees “A disease which causes decimation of Canadian birch forests” (W.A.D.).In the New World the word Birch has appar- ently acquired a special connotation as in “Reduction of all liberals or pinks to a common red (Le. John Birch Society)” (W.A.D.) “Method of eliminating communists by the use of corrosive chemicals employed in the States” (Dracut Pol ack) and “Putting the brakes on the extreme right in the U.S.A.” (Thomas Little). That our pupil knew some chemistry is indicated by his association of this process with “That used in the purification of copper (Green- Birch reduction or Rio Tinto process) cf.Silver Birch Reduction or Hyde-Parke’s process” (raw) and with “Cane sugar” (G.B.B.). Several answers to question (6) suggested that Tommy’s education is of that liberal character typical of the better Public Schools for whilst (S.S.) re-interprets bitter principals as teetotalism Egregirus Foli finds that “It is the name given to the principal substance or gypsum present in Burton waters,” and I,W that it was “Discovered by the Greek Philosophers; used in e.g.,Archimedes experimental verification of Beer’s Law; 50crates with hemlock added; used to treat attacks of Philosophers’ Stone.” Emphasis on the second word was frequently made as in “Heads of institutions whose views have not been solicited byN.E.D.C.N.I.C. or Robbins” (J.d’A.J.). Unusual were “Principles of chemistry which have been learned from laboratory experience rather than read from a text or heard in a lecture hall” (U. V.Cell) “Euclid’s axioms” (PH 2054)~ “Scissor teeth” (J.R.D.) “Teenager slang for the Ten Commandments” (G.B. and R.W.) and the pointed “Instructions for Chemical Society Authors” (Hibiscibus). On two occasions theme (c) bl;ought accurate definition as in “Catalysis is the change in a chemical reaction that happens when something that does not take part in the reaction is added” (A.D.N.) and “Catalysis is the change of reaction speed when a dog suddenly sees a cat” (J.A.A.). Several dealt with the fate of cats (vivisection paralysis and birth control) and of cattle “A disease of cows” (J.D.H.) and “Golden calves” (Don Quixote).Enjoyable were the several attempts to break away from these simple derivations “Teenage twisting (lit. cat-a-loosening)” (Nut.) “Nasal decongestion (Catarrh-lysis)” (J.d’A.J.) “Catalan goddess of fertility” (G.B. and R.W.). The last letter to be received contained as defini- tion of chemical shifts (question d) “A game devised by editors to ensure that I never use the same nomenclature from one paper to the next” (Hibisci bus). No less than thirteen answers associated chemical shifts with ladies’ underwear or night attire and five with lab-coats though Temp. adds scholarship to his answer by noting that this is the medieval name for overalls worn by alchemists now called lab- coats.Don Pedro and two German chemists found an answer in industry with “Chemical shifts are a way men work in chemical factories when they cannot keep working all night and day as well. There are usually three of them to every day unless the men work too fast then they get overtime.” “Time schedules at I.C.I.” PROCEEDINGS The role of chemical shifts in kinetics was “One of the lighter rare earths” (P.W.) appreciated in “The devil’s own compound” (W.A.D.) “Chemical shifts are all the ways you can try to “The product of the degradation of angelic acid” make two things start reacting” (G.M.S.) (Dracut Polack) “Chemical shifts are the cause of acceleration in “A diabolically active toxic principal giving rise the rate of a chemical reaction” (Dracut Polack) to constant high temperatures and loss of p-dise” ,and (N.P.B.) “Tautomerism” (pH 2-54).“A sulphur derivative with highly enlightening Perhaps closest to the true association came aptitudes” (Don Quixote) “Often associated with Unclear Magnetic Rele and vance” (M.P.B.). “An alchemical name for the thiocyanate or sulphocyanide of mercury. When this salt is exor-The liberal-mindedness of the modem chemist cised by ordeal by fire the devil in it comes out in the was revealed by definitions of conformational shape of Pharoah’s serpents’’ (Temp.). analysis (item e). A majority interpreted this in terms of what movie-star promoters call “vital statistics,” either tout court or expanded to Recurring re-definitions of optical activity (ques- “Comparative inspection of actresses for a role in tion g)were ogling giving the eye and bird watching.a historical film” (G.B. and R.W.). Less usual were Others chose politics as in “Feverish activity of employees as long as head of “A government technique for gauging when to department is visible” (0.-A.N.) hold an election” (Hibiscibus) “A phenomenon similar to radioactivity but “A public opinion” or “gallup poll” (Micawber which is visible rather than audible” (0.-A.N.) 0.-A.N.) “Peeping Tom syndrome” (J.d’A. J.)¶ or and “What Mr. McCarthy used to do in America” “Something that happened to Pasteur when he (C.M.S.). looked down a microscope-now used as the motto Religion gave a slightly greater scope for play- of the Milk Marketing Board-Pasteur-eyes” from the definition (M.H.).“The Catechism” (J.R.D.) An expansion of “Eyes right eyes left” (Verbum and its extended form Confusum) is the original “Conformational analysis is the quiz you have to “Spektators at Wimbledone have this when learn before you can be confirmed. The Padre uses watching tennis” (Pict). the prayer book as a crib so I looked it up there and it’s called the catechism” (J.A.A.) “Conformational analysis is what happens when On the question of royal jelly (question h) most you go to see the vicar before you are conformed” showed a preoccupation with food eaten in palaces (A.T.N.). or identified it with the queen’s substance of bees Conformational analysis was also re-defined as but rather more inventive were “The Kinsey Report” (0.-A.N.) ; “Royal jelly was the trifle made from the Malmsey this may also be the implication of a German view wine into which Clarence was placed” (Egreguis “Study of sociological behaviour of middle Foli) classes” (G.B.and R.W.). “Colloidal aqua Regia” (14W) “Ambrosia of inferior quality” (0.-A.N.) Association with the devil naturally loomed large “A preservative made from crab apples at in replies to question (f)-Iuciferin. The German Buckingham palace” (R.V .F.) termination was appreciated in “Turkish Delight for the Aga Khan” (J.d’A.J.) “Little satan” (Verbum Confusum) “Either the fountain of youth or a methusalisation “The devil’s wife a match not made in heaven” promoter’’ (Don Quixote) 1J.d’A.J.)’ “Lyophillip colloid” (P.W.). ,and perhaps “One who is demon-possessed” (R.V.F.). An entry in the style of little Tommy’s originator One entry deserves to receive note if only because is its creators whose mother tongue is clearly not ’ “Is the devil home?” English display great industry in giving four though this is hardly an answer to a question! In answers to each of the eight questions. Two sets are chemistry we find reported FEBRUARY 1964 Luciferin (a) Illuminated Parisian ferry (b) Archaic title of the Grand-Duchess of Luxemburg (c) Shows you the way to go to hell (d) Distributor organisation for TIME- magazine Optical activity (a) Method of masculine approach (b) Social activity in broad daylight (c) Peddling with spectacles (d) Peeping through key-holes.Sometimes entries are seen at best advantage only when viewed as a mutually-dependent set. In this class the following overseas entry commends itself “Quite clearly questions (a) (b) (d) and (e) are associated with the dreadful events of 1983. (el Conformational analysis This refers to the machinations of M.I.6 who planted microphones in all University Laboratories and Offices to investigate the political activities of staff and student. The tapes were fed into a computer and subjected to Conformational Analysis. People whose conformity coefficient fell below 0.66 began to mysteriously disappear. (b) The older members of staff who remembered the ‘50’s’ and murmurs of McCarthy stuck to their ‘Bitter Principles’ concerning the sanctity of staff-student relations.(a) Government action resulted with the report by Lord Birch on the subversion activities of University staff and the infamous ‘Birch Reduction’ of salaries followed. (d) The mass emigration and deportation of chemistry staff and graduates became popularly known as the Great Chemical Shift of 1984.” (J.L.H.) E.R.H. junior must be thanked for entertaining the Editor during the Christmas vacation with his own competition “In response to the Christmas competition an American Little Tommy now in his (4n + 2)th year of graduate endeavour should like to proffer his jaded misconceptions when the distaff invades the laboratory.As he is of lascivious mind and chooses naught but unprintable expletives I find myself forced to interpret his sincere but misdirected emotions Lucifer induced conformational analysis of optically active chemical shifts is a potent catalysis in the acquisition of bitter principles.” However following advice from a set of real-life little Tommy’s the Editor awards the prize to the following entry by U. V. Cell “Optical Activity A transient phenomena occa- sionally observed in a student who is doing poorly on an examination and who happens to be positioned adjacent to one who is doing well. Conformational Analysis The approach employed by organic chemists which enables them to analyse the facts in wch a way that they appear to conform to the requirements of any hypotheses currently being forwarded in this field.Bitter Principles Principles of chemistry which have been learned from laboratory experience rather than read from a text or heard in a lecture hall. Chemical Shifts The tendency of chemicals when they are most needed to shift from one’s own laboratory shelf to an unknown location.’’ APPENDIX Some eighteen months after the closing of the Christmas Competition for 1961 the Society received a paper entitled “Theological Chymistry. Part I. Degradation Selective Elimination and Progressive Stupidisation of Mankind.” This was dcposited in the Society’s archives. We have now received Part 11 of this series and although it does not qualify on technical grounds as an entry for the Christmas Competition for 1963 it warrants publica- tion as a Communication of wide interest.Theological Chymistry. Part II. A Selective Incbient Elimination of Mankind By Don Quixote (”oboso Jnn’s Laboratories The Stain Spain) Although the high efficiency of Cain’s reagent and Borgia solution in elimination reactions was well established in old times in the last years Lucifer Inn’s Laboratories Inc. have had to resort to some new chemical shifrs (or subterfugations) in order to slow down extremely fast “malic acid-catalysed” replication of mankind. We have now a lot of evidence that after a comfort-emotional analysis induced by Luciferin complexes mankind started to show a royal hellish reluctance in accepting any of life’s bitter principles and developed a number of chemical malthusian methods known at the present as birth reduction.As a result mankind is now in a miserable “sin-comfort-emotional” state and has lost all its optimal activity we could honestly say that a cattle-it-is. PROCEEDINGS COMMUNICATIONS Statement by the Publication Committee 1. COMMUNICATIONSare intended to provide a means for the rapid publication in preliminary form of new chemical results of immediate importance and wide interest. For financial reasons and to maintain a proper balance in Proceedings it is necessary to place an upper limit on the number of pages of Pruceedings that may be devoted annually to Com- munications.This restriction can be effected by limiting (a) the number accepted for publication and (b) the length of the individual contributions. 2. Acceptance of Communications is controlled by the refereeing policy which is kept under review by the Publication Committee. At present Referees are asked to satisfy themselves that a Communica- tion appears to be scientifically sound and is urgent and no Communication can be accepted unless it clearly qualifies under both headings. Urgency im- plies that the Communication has some unusual specialist or general interest such that the duplicate publication will be an advantage to chemical re- search. Two conforming adverse reports must be obtained before a Communication is rejected.To aid Referees authors will be required hence- forth to submit with the manuscript a brief state- ment of their reasons for believing that their Com- munication is urgent as defined above. 3. In order that the maximum number of Com- munications can be published in the space available individual articles must be as brief as possible. They should be restricted to the central urgent theme; historical introduction experimental detail physical data and mechanistic conjecture must be kept to the minimum essential to support the discovery being announced. Illustrations tables and graphic formula are space-consuming and will be published only if vital to the exposition of the central theme. Non-scientific material and in particular “acknowledgements” will not be accepted in Communications.Referees have been asked by the Publication Com- mittee to consider whether the length of a manuscript is justified and the Editor has been instructed to enforce standards of brevity. Authors can however assist the speedy passage of their Communication into print by careful attention to these matters before submitting their manuscripts. (February 1964.) Thermal Equilibration of the Sulphoxide Group By H. B. HENBEST and S. A. KHAN* MANYsulphoxides have been obtained in stable enantiomeric and geometric forms since the work of Harrison Kenyon and Phillips’ on this topic. Recently Johnson2 has described a procedure for the conversion of a cis-sulphoxide into its tramisomer (and vice versa) by a method involving two reaction steps in each direction.We now report that the sulphoxide group in certain compounds can be inverted by the action of heat alone. Isomerisation occurs when either of the sulphoxides (I;cis or trans) is kept in purified decalin at 190” for several hours (preferably under nitrogen in a silica vessel). The final cis:trans ratio is 20:80 (f2 %) corresponding to a free-energy difference of 1-28 kcal./mole. (+)-Benzyl p-tolyl sulphoxide PhCH,.SO-C,H,Me-p,3 in which conjugation between the tolyl and sulphoxide groups is possible is more thermo- labile. Racemisation occurs at convenient first-order rates at 162” in various solvents e.g. decalin mesitylene and Diglyme. Me& Ps-0 H A mixture of the sulphoxides (I; cis and trans) was obtained by oxidation of the related sulphide which was prepared by standard methods from 3-t-butyl- pentane-1 ,5-diol.The sulphoxides were separated via crystallisation of their mercuric chloride adducts. Treatment of the individual adducts with potassium cyanide gave the cis-sulphoxide m.p. 49-50” and the trans-sulphoxide m.p. 68-70”. (Received January 6th 1964.) * The Queen’s University of Belfast. Harrison Kenyon and Phillips J. 1926 2079. Johnson J. Amer. Chern. SOC.,1963 85 1020. Stirling J. 1963 5741. FEBRUARY 1964 57 The Conformation of The Bicyclo[3,3,l]nonane System' By W. A. C. BROWN,G. EGLINTON W. PARKER, J. MARTIN and G. A. SIM* MOLECULAR models of the bicyclo [3,3,1 Inonane system show the possibility of severe non-bonded hydrogen-hydrogen interactions no matter which conformation the molecule adopts e.g.twin-chair twin-boat boat-chair or twin twist-boat? The infra- red spectra of certain bicyclo[3,3,1 Inonane deriva- tives (compounds Ia-c; IIa,b; 1IIa-c) have been examined with particular reference to the C-H stretching and CH scissoring regions and com-pounds Ia Ib Ic IIa (see Table) found to exhibit sorption. The published spectrum of adamantane' shows no significant absorption in either of the examined regions ; this system is stereochemically analogous to the twin-chair conformer and can be formally derived from it by insertion of one methyl- ene group between C3 and C, thereby eliminating this non-bonded interaction.The infrared bands under discussion appear both in solution and in the solid permitting extrapolation of X-ray crystallographic results to molecular dis- Abnormal methylene absorptions (in carbon tetrachloride)" Compound V(CH) dv$ &CH) dvk Ea Ia 2900 sh (14)G 60 1488 15 20 Ib 2991 sh (16) 80 1490 6 45 Ic 2992 sh (14) 70 1490 5 45 IIa 2994 sh (17) 75 1488 (8) 45 IV ~2990~ -1490 (8) 20 1473 -(25) a Concentrations were ca. 0.05h1,measured in 0.51-mm. cells except for v(CH) of IIa (0.001~; 2-cm. cell). Incompletely resolved shoulder. Values in parentheses are approximate. sh shoulder extinction coefficients and half-band widths estimated by graphical separation. absorption bands near 2990 and 1490 cm.-' which are attributable to the interaction of methylene groups forced into close pr~ximity.~.~ The spectra of pertinent bicyclo [3,3,1 Inonanes reported by Stoll also show high-frequency scissoring bands.Since the ketone Ic shows these absorption bands the possibility of their arising from C,-C and C,-C methylene interactions can be eliminated and we suggest that they arise from C,-C methylene interactions present in the twin-chair conformer. Introduction into the bicyclo [3,3,1 Inonane skeleton of a double bond or a carbonyl group at C, or at C3 and C, will serve to remove this interaction and this is reflected in the spectra of IIIa IIIb IIIc VI,6 and VII all of which show no absorption at 2990 or 1490 cm.-l. The bisdeutero-ketone IV shows a reduc-tion of approximately one half in the intensity of the 1490 cm.-l band as compared with Ic due to the replacement of the scissoring band of the C3 methylene group by a comparable CDH band else where in the spectrum.Correspondingly the 2990 cm.-l band appears as an indistinct shoulder on the high-frequency side of the main C-H stretching ab- positions in solution. We therefore prepared the primary bromobenzene-p-sulphonate of V found it to show the expected bands and defined its mole- cular geometry as twin-chair by three-dimensional crystal-structure analysis. The bromobenzenesulphonafe crystallises in the triclinic system space group P1 with two molecules of Cl7HZ3BrSOP in a unit cell of dimensions a = 7.40 b = 12-06 c = 11-34A 01 = 112"30' @ = 109"31I y = 72 "4 1 I.From equi-inclination Weissen- berg photographs 1650 independent structure ampli- tudes were evaluated. The co-ordinates of the bromine and sulphur atoms were obtained initially from a Patterson synthesis and the remaining atoms (apart from hydrogen) were then located in a first three-dimensional electron-density distribution. The atomic positions were improved initially by Fourier and latterly by least-squares methods; the value of R is now 14.1% and further refinement is being continued. The only asymmetric centre in the molecule is C9 and the (+)-and (-)-molecules in the racemate are therefore superposable except for the secondary * Chemistry Department The University Glasgow. Described in part at the Congress of I.U.P.A.C.July 1963. A second paper by N. W. J. Pumphrey and M. J. T. Robinson of the University of Liverpool was presented at the same meeting. Eliel "Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds," McGraw-Hill 1962 p. 295. Chiurdoglu Doehaerd and Tursch Bull. SUC. chim. France 1960,69 1322; Chem. and Ind. 1959 1453. De Vries and Ryason J. Org. Chem. 1961 26 621. Stoll Willhalm and Biichi Helv. Chim. Ada 1955 38 1573. Kindly supplied by Professor H. Stetter of Aachen. Mecke and Spiesecke Chem. Ber. 1955 88 1997. PROCEEDINGS hydroxyl group. Since the oxygen atom of the secondary hydroxyl persistently appeared in the electron-density distributions as two distinct peaks one on either side of the plane through atoms C1 C5,and C9,it follows that in the crystal the (+)-and (-)-molecules do not occupy uniquely their respec- tive positions x y z and 2 y 2,but are distributed randomly over both sites.This packing disorder does not lead to any marked ellipticity of atomic peaks in the electron-density distributions. The arrangement of atoms in the molecule of 1-p-bromobenzenesulphonyloxy-5-methylbicyclo-[3,3,1 ]nonan-9-oI as viewed along the a-axis. Ia; 1,5-Mez. Ib; 9-OH-1,5-Mez. Ic; 1,5-Me,-2 9-0. IIa; 2-OH-1,5-Mez-9-0. 1Ib; l,S-Me,-2,9-Oz. Ma; 1,5-Mez-d2. IIIb; 9-OH-1,5- :@ Me,-dz (bothepimers). IIlc; 1,5-Me,-9-0-d4. 6 ' IV; 2,3-Dz-1,5-Mez-9-0. V; 1-CHz.0H-9-OH-5-Me. VI; 3,7-oz. VIT; 1,5-Me,-3-0. The arrangement of the atoms in the molecule as viewed along the a-axis of the crystal is shown in the Figure.Both rings of the bicyclo[3,3,1 Inonane system clearly adopt the chair conformation but nevertheless deviate from the ideal chair shape. Thus the valency angles at carbon atoms 2 3,4 6 7 and 8 average 114" significantly greater than tetrahedral indicating a flattening of the rings. Moreover the distance C,-C7 is 3.05 A whereas if both cyclo- hexane rings adopted the ideal chair conformation with tetrahedral angles this distance would be only 2.52 A. The near-equality of the distances C,-C, 3-64A and Cd2G,3.65 A demonstrates that a side- ways (i.e. parallel to the plane through carbon atoms 1 5 and 9) displacement of the rings is not appreci- ably involved in the relief of strain.The Crystal Structure of Himbosine Hydrobromide By F. M. LOVELL* HIMBOSINE, C,,H4,N0,, is one of a number of alkaloids isolated from Galbufimima species (family Himantandraceae).l As himbosrne seemed to be a typical member of a group of bases which are highly oxygenated hexacyclic esters and because it occurs in only small amounts it appeared to be suitable for X-ray analysis. Crystals of the hydrobromide (prepared by Dr. W. C. Taylor University of Sydney) when examined with Cu-K radiation yielded the following data C3,H,,NOl&r M = 716.6 Orthorhombic a = 8.08 b = 20.32 c = 21.12 A U = 3468 A' D = 1.35,Z = 4 D = 1.37 p = 21 cm.-l. Space group P2,2,2 (No. 19). intensities were collected at -160"~ for 2020 independent reflections.The structure was then determined by the usual heavy-atom method in five three-dimensional electron-density syntheses. Re- finement was begun with a difference synthesis and continued with six cycles of isotropic least-squares analysis on an IBM 709 computer through the courtesy of Dr. W. M. Macintyre University of Colorado. The final R-value for all observed terms was 0.15. A projection of the structure along the a-axis is shown in the Figure; the interatomic L -4 12 i distance indicates that the C-C bond marked with an asterisk is double. Recent chemical studies by Drs. E. Ritchie and W. C. Taylor confirm this structure; furthermore it is now possible to define the structures of some seventeen alkaloids related to himbosine.(Received November 7th 3 963.) * Crystal Structure Group School of Chemistry University of Sydney Australia. Present address Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Colorado U.S.A. Brown Drummond Fogerty Hughes Pinhey Ritchie and Taylor Austral.J. Chem. 1956,9,283. FEBRUARY 1964 59 AlkylberyUium Hydride Derivatives By N. A. BELLand G. E. COATES* ETHEREAL solutions containing methyl (or ethyl) beryllium and hydride in ratio 4 3:2 obtained from sodium hydridodialkylberyllatel (NaR,BeH 2 mols.) and beryllium chloride (1 mol.) may after filtration from sodium chloride be converted into some derivatives of beryllium hydride. Addition of trimethylamine even in excess to a solution of “Me,Be,H,” yields Me3N.BeMe,2 and the hydride (I) m.p.734-73.2” which may be separated by fractional condensation. The hydride dimeric cryoscopicaIly in benzene is formulated with a hydrogen rather than a methyl bridge because the latter would be split by excess of amine. The hydrogen bridges in dialkylaluminium hydrides are less readily split by donor molecules than are the methyl bridges in trimethylal~minium.~The BeH,Be bridge is apparently rather resistant to such splitting since addition of tetramethylethylenediamine or 1,2-di-methoxyethane to ethereal “Me,Be,H,” results in the formation of the known chelate complexes4 of di- methylberyllium together with involatile insoluble evidently polymeric complexes of methylberyllium hydride e.g. [+-Me,NCH,CH2~NMe2-+MeBeH2BeMet],.Evaporation of ether from solutions of “Me4Be3 H,” which probably contain many species in complex equilibrium is followed by loss of dimethylberyllium. In one experiment after 3 days at 170-180” (-mm.) the hydride:methyl ratio in the residue (by hydrolysis) was over 1O:l. A similar disproportionation occurs more readily when the ethyl analogue is heated. (Received December 28th 1963.) * Chemistry Department The University South Road Durham. Coates and Cox,Chem. and Ind. 1962 229. a Coates and Huck J. 1952,4501. * Hoftinann and Schomburg Z. Elektrochem. 1957,61 1101,11 10. Coates and Green J. 1962,3340. Thermal Isomerisation of Alkoxycycloheptatrienes By E. WETHand AND& S. DREIDING* WE have converted 7-met hoxycyclohep ta triene (I)’ at 150” by a fast irreversible monomolecular reaction (k,= 4.4 x lo4 sec.-l) into 3-methoxy- cycloheptatriene (11).The latter isomerised under the same conditions more slowly (k,= 3 x 10“ sec.-l) and reversibly (K,-10) to l-methoxycyclohepta- triene (111). A third reversible isomerisation (K3 -0.01) leading to 2-methoxycycloheptatriene (IV) was also observed. These reactions are interpreted as consecutive transannular 1&hydrogen Their progress was followed quantitatively by n.m.r. or g.1.c. The method was suitable for the preparation of pure samples of (11) or (111) by heating (I) for 1 hr. or 48 hr. respectively followed by 1.s.c. on alumina. These syntheses have preparative and mechanistic simplicity over the previously available ring-expansion methods.* HOR OR &+&2&p2(J (1) (m> (19 The large and OfK2 and K3 respec-tively~ may be attributed t’ the seater linear in (Ir1).The n.m.r. spectra furnished the ultimate evidence for the structures. The CH2-skWal of (11) is a triplet (7 = 7-76) (two doublets J = 7 C./Sec.) thatof(II1)~ on the other hand is a clear doublet (7 = 7-55 J = 7.5 Chec.). Acid hydroIysis of (11) and (111) led to a 2 1 mixture of 2,3- and 2,7-dihydrotropone while the * Organic Chemistry Department University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland. von E. Doering and Knox J. Arner. Chern. Suc. 1954,76 3203. a Buchi and Burgess J. Arner. Chem. SOC.,1962,84 3104;ter Borg Kloosterziel and van Meus Proc. Chern. SOC., 1962 359; Rec.Trav. chim. 1963,82 717;ter Borg and Kloosterziel ibid. p. 741. Recently the photoisomerisation of 7-alkoxycycloheptatrienes was reported to yield l-alkoxycycloheptatrienes (Chapman and Borden froc. Chern. SOC.,1963,221).In that paper reference is made to a private communication from Dauben about the thermal isomerisation of 7-alkoxycycloheptatriene. von E. Doering and Detert J. Amer. Chem. SOC.,1951,73,876;Muller Zeeh Heischkeil Fricke and Suhr Annalen, 1963,662,38;Parham Soeder and Dodson J. Arner. Chem. SOC.,1962,84,1755;Chapman and Fitton ibid. 1961,83, 1005; 1963 85,41. ~ ~ ~~~ Dauben5 hydride abstraction converted both isomers into methoxytropylium salt. On heating 7-allyloxycycloheptatriene and its 7-jg-methallyl analogue at 150” for 2 hr.we isolated 7-allyl- and 7-~-methallyl-2,3-dihydrotropone as the major products. The changes in the i.r. spectra PROCEEDINGS during the reactions suggested a sequence of a trans- annular 1,5-hydrogen shift Claisen rearrangement and further shifts of hydrogen leading finally to a mixture of 7-ally1 (or /?-methaIlyl) substituted 2.3- and 2,7-dihydrotropone? (Received September 9th 1963.) Dauben jun. Gadecki Harmon and Pearson J. Arner. Chem. SOC.,1957 79,4557. ter Borg and Kloosterziel (private communication) have recently concluded that the thermal isomerisation of 2,3- and 2,7-dihydrotropone is due to a 1,5-shift of hydrogen. Some Remarks on a Simple Model for Optical Activity in By-Unsaturated Ketones By ALBERT MOSCOWITZ* IN two recent articles? S.F. Mason criticised our extension and use2 of the Huckel-formulated model of Labhart and Wagni&re3 for correlating the con- formations and absolute configurations of &-un- saturated ketones with optical activity data. The most serious criticism levelled was that this model predicts different wavelengths for corresponding electronic transitions in enantiomeric byunsaturated ketones. This criticism is without foundation. What- ever the model’s shortcomings (and clearly the well- known ones germane to any Hiickel-type calculation will accrue) a prediction of different transition energies for optical enantiomers is not one of them. It followed from the model that a more accurate description of the nonbonding orbital involved in the 3000 A transition is (n + An) i.e.a small amount of .rr-character (as measured by the small coefficient h) is admixed with the erstwhile n nonbonding orbital. A promotion from the mixed orbital to an anti- bonding orbital whose character is essentially n* then partakes of the character and electric-dipole transition moment of an allowed n-n* transition roughly to the extent h. The enhanced intensity of absorption and optical activity relative to saturated ketones follow at once. It was further pointed out2 that the sign of the mixing coefficient h (which would be opposite for two enantiomers) would then determine the sign of the 3000 A Cotton effect. It is clear from any of the standard formulations of nondegenerate perturbation theory that the off-diagonal matrix element of the perturbation Hamil- tonian connecting the orbitals n and 7r enters as its first power in the expression for h and hence its sign is pertinent for determining the sign of h.In fact it is because the sign of this matrix element is opposite for enantiomeric &unsaturated ketones that the corresponding h’s are of opposite sign. However this same matrix element enters for the first time as its absolute value squared in the expression for the energy correction and hence (to the order of approximation used in the model) its sign is irrelevant for the perturbation correction to the energy. The corrected energy values are therefore the same for two enantiomers and hence so are corresponding transitions energies.We are well aware of the limitations attending the approximations invoked in a Hiickel-type approach and were careful to state2 that in applying the model we were concerned mainly with signs and orders of magnitude. However when such a simple model can correlate large amounts of experimental data it seems to us scientifically profitable to investigate more thoroughly the reasons for its utilitarian pro- perties. Accordingly we have given4 a more sophisti- cated and more quantitative treatment of the prob- lem that inquires into the specific nature of the coupling between the carbonyl group and nearby unsaturated groups. This more complete treatment does not invalidate but in fact supports the qualita- tive stereochemical assignments made on the basis of the simpler model.The more elaborate treatment shows that the main reason for the success of the model is that as regards its sign and the direction of its variation in magnitude with distance the pertinent overlap correlates with just those electrostatic coupling terms most responsible for the mixing of n-n* and 7r+* transitions and the concomitant enhancement of absorption and optical activity. (Received August 19th 1963.) * Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis 14 Minnesota U.S.A. Mason Quart. Rev. 1963 27,20; Ballard Mason and Vane Trans. Faruhy SOC.,1963,59 775. Moscowitz Mislow Glass and Djerassi J. Amer. Chem. SOC.,1962 84 1945; Mislow Glass Moscowitz and Djerassi ibid.1961 83 2771. Labhart and Wagnibre Hefv. Chim.Acta 1959 42 2219. Moscowitz Hansen Forster and Rosenheck “Proceedings of the Symposium on Quantum Aspects of Polypeptides and Polynucleotides,” Stanford University 1963 to be published in Biopofymers. FEBRUARY 1964 61 Optical Activity in &Unsaturated Ketones BY S. F. MASON* AND WAGN&RE LABHART showed1 that the enhanced negative in the other. Since the ncc and the intensity of the 3000 8 absorption given by Py-n-orbital are nearly degenerate this assumption unsaturated ketones in which the vinyl and carbonyl was interpreted3 to mean that the 3000 8,absorption groups were non-coplanar is due to a mixing of the was due to a transition to the nco*orbital from the II 3nco*and the ncc-vc0*transitions owing to bonding level (n + w),in one isomer and from the the overlap of the oxygen lone-pair orbital (n) with corresponding antibonding level (n -n) in the the vinyl n-orbital (nee) and the closely similar other suggesting that the enantiomers should energies of those orbitals.absorb at different wavelengths. This interpretation The extension of this model to account for the was however based on a misunderstanding of the optical activity of dissymmetric &-unsaturated phase convention adopted by Moscowitz and his ketones2 involved the assumption that the overlap colleagues,2 and I am grateful to them for pointing between the oxygen lone-pair orbital and the vinyl out this mistake. n-orbital is positive in the one optical isomer and (Received October 5th 1963.) * Chemistry Department University of Exeter.Labhart and Wagnikre Helv. Chim. Acta 1959 42 2219. Moscowitz Mislow Glass and Djerassi J. Amer. Gem. SOC.,1962 84 1945. Mason Quart. Rev. 1963 27 20; Ballard Mason and Vane Trans. Faraday SOC.,1963 59 775. A Model for the Formation of the Acetyl Group in the Phosphoketolase Reaction By A. B. TURNER and H. C. S.WOOD* THE thiamine-mediated enzyme phosphoketolase these conditions. Condensation of the diamine (11) catalyses the breakdown of ketose phosphates into with lactaldehyde (111; R = Me) gave the salt (VI; acetyl phosphate and the corresponding aldose phos- R = Me) from the pseudo-base (V; R = Me). phate.l (1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)thiamine pyrophos-In these reactions preferential displacement of the phate (I) has recently been identified2 as an inter- mediate in the reaction and the enzyme has been Me found to convert both this compound3 and glycol- laldehyde4 into acetyl phosphate.We now provide a chemical analogy for the forma- tion of the acetyl group in this reaction. Condensation of glycollaldehyde (111; R = H) with NN-dimethyl-o-phenylenediamine (11) in aqueous ethanol at 37".in the presence of ammonium chloride gave N-acetyl-NN'-dimethyl-o-phenylene-diamine (IV; R = H) in 40% yield. The product was (VI I) I identical with an authentic ~pecimen.~ When the temperature was raised to 80" the benzimidazolium salt (VI; R = H) derived from the pseudo-base (V; R = H) was obtained. The acetyl compound (IV; (IV) R = H) cyclised rapidly to the same product under * The Royal College of Science and Technology Glasgow.the Horecker J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 1959 54 Suppl. 1 89. Schroter and Holzer Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1963 77,474. Votaw Williamson Krampitz and Wood Biochem. Z. 1963 338,756. Goldberg and Racker J. Biol.Chem. 1962,237 PC 3841. Smith Rasmussen and Ballard J. Amer. Chem. SOC.,1949 71 1082. 62 PROCEEDINGS /3-hydroxyl in the primary adduct (VTI) indicates that lysed by the latter enzyme this intermediate instead the neighbouring methylamino-group is probably in- of undergoing dehydration is stable and the Cp- volved in a six-membered transition state. fragment is transferred to a1doses.l The operation of such a neighbouring group effect These results serve to resurrect the idea that the may underlie the distinction between phospho-amino-group on the pyrimidine ring of thiamine may ketolase and the closely related transketolase which be involved albeit in a more modest way in the also utilises the intermediate (I).In reactions cata- mechanism of thiamine action. (Received December 16th 1963.) The Constitution of Leucodrin By G. W. PEROLD and K. PACHLER* RAPS ON^ suggested structures (I; R = R’ = H)and R = H R’ = Me) in aqueous solution (0.028~in (11) for the dilactone leucodrin. An X-ray diffraction HTO and 0.014~in CrO,) to the methyl ether of a study by Diamand and Rogers2 has now confirmed nor-acid C15Hl,08,H,0 (m.p. -120° two lactone the former. Our own work has led to the same rings and one carboxylic acid group) of high acid result.strength (pK -3-1 in water) formulated as (111; 0 R = R’ = H). Derivatives of this nor-acid were adequately soluble for n.m.r. studies in deutero- chloroform solution (see Table). The remaining alcoholic hydroxyl group which is not adjacent to the free carboxyl group (no con- sumption of lead tetra-acetate in acetic acid solu-tion) is secondary4 as a lone proton on the same carbon atom could be identified by a downfield shift from T(CHOH) 5.06 to T(CHOAC) 4.06. The two sets of vicinal protons on the two lactone rings dis- play no spin-spin interaction and permit clear assignments. The geminal coupling constant (J = -17 c./sec.) for the methylene protons indicates an N.m.r. data* Assignment Et ester Et ester Tetra-ace tate (111; R = H; R’ = Et) (111; R = Ac; R’ = Et) (I; R = R‘ = Ac) Lactone ring A TA 6-71;rB7.06; rc 5.49 TA 6-71; rB7-13; rc5.77 TA 6.72; TB 7.13; 70 5.795 (ABCspectrum) JAB = -17.5; JAC = 13.2; JAB = -17.3; JAC = 13.3; JAB = -17.2; JAc = 12.4; JBC = 8.6 JBc = 8.8 JBC = 7.8 AvAB = 20.5; AvBC = 93.2 AvAB = 25.0; ~vB = 81.0 d~,,= 24.6; AvB = 80.1 Lactone ring B rA 5.06; rB6.00 TA 4.06; TB 6.08 TA 4.18; TB 6-23? (ABspectrum) J = 8.8;dv = 56.6 J = 8-6;dv = 121.2 J = 8.3; dv = 123.0 * N.m.r.spectra were recorded on a Varian A-60 spectrometer dilute deuterochloroform solutions being used with tetramethylsilane as internal reference (T 10.0) and were analysed on an AB or ABC basis. Coupling constants and chemical shift differences are quoted in c./sec.and are accurate to f0.2 c./sec. The accuracy of 7-values is estimated to be f0.01 p.p.m. t The resonance of proton B was further split by an adjacent proton of the side-chain. The lactone rings in leucodrin are both five- adjoining n-bond centre5 and hence determines the membered (vmax. in KBr 1800 and 1770 cm.-l the arrangement of the lactone ring A. Only structure first band indicating3 electronegative substitution in (111) uniquely satisfies these requirements and is the y-position of lactone ring A). The (?)-primary finally confirmed by the n.m.r. absorption charac- glycol side-chain1 is now shown to be secondary- teristics of leucodrin tetra-acetate (I; R = R’ = primary by a single-stage oxidation of the ether (I; Ac1.l (Received November 26th 1963.) * G.W.P.University of South Africa Box 392. Pretoria; K.P. Chemical Physics Group C.S.I.R. Box 395 Pretoria. * Diamand and Rogers following communication; we gratefully acknowledge the courtesy of Dr. D. Rogers in Rapson J. 1938 282; 1939 1085;1940 1271. keeping us informed of this study in advance of publication. Bellamy “The Infra-red Spectra of Complex Molecules,” 2nd edn. Methuen & Co.Ltd. London 1959 p. 187. * Jackman “Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry,” Pergamon Press Oxford 1959 p. 55. Barfield and Grant J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1963 85,1899. FEBRUARY 1964 63 The Structure of Dibromoleucodrin By R. D. DIAMAND and D. ROGERS* DIBROMOLEUCODRIN~~ has been studied by X-ray diffraction.Our work shows that its stereochemistry and absolute configuration can be represented by (I); this agrees with a constitution favoured by Rapson.lbSc Corroborative chemical studies are described by Perold and Pachler in the adjoining communication? Lti C,,H,,O,Br, orthorhombic prisms m.p. 254-255" a = 6.77 b = 10.67 c = 23.94 A 24. Space group P212121. Intensity data for some 1400 independent re-flections were estimated visually from photographs taken with Cu-Ka radiation. The solution and refinement of the structure has been perfectly straightforward. R currently stands at 0.22 and all details of the geometry are acceptable but not specially noteworthy. RapsonlC reported the formation of (-)-anisyl-succinic acid by the action of an excess of periodic acid on an alkaline solution of leucodrin methyl ether.This was the only optically active degradation product identified. The nearest established analogue we can find is (+)-phenylsuccinic which led us to formulate the absolute configuration as in (I). This assignment has since been confirmed by an applica- tion of Bijvoet's fluorescence meth~d.~ The structure suggests that leucodrin may be formed biogenetically from Michael condensation of cis-or trans-cinnamic acid and L-galactonoy-lactone. The observation by Rapsonla that leucodrin occurs up to 20 %of the dry weight of some botanical specimens lends support to the notion that it is a sugar metabolite involved in energy-storage mechan- isms.(Received December 20th 1963.) * Chemistry Department Imperial College London S.W.7. Rapson J. (a) 1938,282; (b) 1939 1085; (c) 1940 1271. Perold and Pachler preceding communication. Petterson Arkiv Kemi 1954 7 39 347. Peerdeman van Bommel and Bijvoet Proc. Roy. Soc. Amsterdam 1951 B 54 16. NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS Discussion on Mass Spectrometry.-The relatively poor attendances at some of the recent Meetings for the Reading of Original Papers have led the Hon-orary Officers to propose that these evenings might be devoted to a series of small colloquia on subjects of wide topical interest. To initiate this it is proposed to hold a meeting on Mass Spectrometry on May 7th in the rooms of the Society; Dr. J. H. Beynon and Dr.R. E. Reed have agreed to contribute the main intoductory papers. The Biochemical Journal.-After discussions which started in 1962 between Officers of the Chemical Society and the Biochemical Society the Chemical Society made an offer which it was considered might be to the mutual advantage of the two bodies to assist with the sale and distribution of the Bio- chemical Journal. Subsequently the Committee of the Biochemical Society has appointed new printers and has approved an arrangement whereby the Bio- chemical Society itself will publish the Biochemical Journal and the Chemical Society will be responsible as sole agents for the distribution of that journal and for its sale to non-members. This arrangement will lead to a substantial financial saving for the Biochemical Society and the Chemical Society also expects to benefit materially.The present facilities can with some small expansion handle the extra work involved and when the cost is shared a significant reduction of overhead expenses should result with no sacrifice of efficiency. Research Fund.-Grants for research have been awarded by Council to the following E s. d. Blair H. S. (Belfast) .. .. .. 25 0 0 Campbell I. G. M. (Southampton) . . 50 0 0 Chadwick J. R. (London) . . Charalambous J. (Cyprus) .. Cremlyn R. J. (Hatfield) .. Cross B. E. (Leeds) .. .. Drake J. E. (Southampton) .. Elmore D. T. (Belfast) .. .. Finan P. A. (Galway) . . .. Fowles G. W. A. (Southampton) Grove J. F. (London) .. .. Hallas G. (Huddersfield) . . .. 75 0 0 .. 15 0 0 .. 15 0 0 .. 40 0 0 .. 37 15 0 .. 28 0 0 .. 76 10 0 .. 20 0 0 .. 62 0 0 .. 10 0 0 64 E s. d. Jones A. (Leeds) .. .. .. 30 0 0 Landor S. R. (Sierra Leone) .. .. 100 0 0 Loveday G. W. (Chatham) .. .. 25 0 0 McGregor W. R. (Brighton) .. .. 22 0 0 McMuny T. B. H. (Dublin) .. .. 40 0 0 Mann R. S. (Ottawa) .. .. .. 50 0 0 Marks R. E. (London) .. .. .. 20 0 0 Mehrotra R. C. (India) .. .. .. 70 0 0 Musgrave 0. C. (Aberdeen) . . .. 29 0 0 O’Colla P. S. (Galway) . . .. .. 35 0 0 O’Donovan D. G. (Cork) .. .. 100 0 0 Smith R. F. (Durham) .. .. .. 25 0 0 Thompson A. (Manchester) .. .. 40 0 0 Thomson R. H. (Aberdeen) .. .. 30 0 0 Thynne J.(Edinburgh) .. .. .. 25 0 0 Westwood J. V. (London) . . .. 50 0 0 Election of New Fellows.-307 Candidates were eIected to the Fellowship in January 1964. Deaths.-We regret to announce the deaths of the following Dr. R. B. Dufl(30.7.63) of the Macaulay Institute of Research Aberdeen; Dr. A. E. Dunstan (6.1.64) formerly Chief Chemist of the British Petroleum Company; and Air Commodore W. Helmore (1 8.1 .a) of Kingston Hill Surrey. Symposia etc.-The One hundred and forty-seventh National Meeting of the American Chemical Society will be held in Philadelphia Pennsylvania on April 5-10th 1964. Further enquiries should be addressed to Mr. A. T. Windstead Head National Meetings Department American Chemical Society 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W. Washington 6 D.C.A Symposium on Modern Methods for Analysis of Organic Compounds will be held at Eindhoven The Netherlands on May 20-28th 1964. Further enquiries should be addressed to Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker Postfach 9075 Frankfurt-am- Main Germany. The Twelfth Canadian High Polymer Forum sponsored by the National Research Council in co-operation with the Chemical Institute of Canada will be held in Ste. Marguerite Quebec on May 27-29th 1964. Further enquiries should be ad- dressed to The Chemical Institute of Canada 48 Rideau Street Ottawa 2 Ontario Canada. An International Symposium on Organic Photo- chemistry sponsored by I.U.P.A.C. will be held in Strasbourg France from July 16-24th 1964. Further enquiries should be addressed to the Scientific Director Dr.G. S. Hammond Gates and Crellin Laboratories of Chemistry California Institute of Technology Pasadena California. A Symposium on the Kinetics of Pyrolytic Reactions sponsored by The Chemical Institute of Canada will be held in Ottawa on September 9-1 1 th 1964. Titles of papers with a 75-word pre- PROCEEDINGS liminary abstract should be submitted by April 15th to Professor K. J. Laidler Department of Chem- istry University of Ottawa Ottawa 2 Ontario Canada. A Conference on Many-body Problems in Physics and Chemistry arranged by the Institute of Physics and the Physical Society is to be held at the Univer- sity of Manchester on September 22nd-24th 1964. The object of the conference will be to review recent progress and above all to highlight points of similarity between the concepts and methods in difference fields.It is provisionally proposed to hold sessions on the following topics atomic structure and spectra solid state physics molecular structure and excited states nuclear structure nuclear excited states scattering and reaction theory polymers liquids and phase transitions. Those wishing to offer contributions should communicate with Dr. A. Herzenberg Conference Secretary Theoretical Physics Department The University Manchester 13. Registration forms will be available in May from the Administration Assistant The Institute of Physics and The Physical Society 47 Belgrave Square London S.W.l. The Third Caribbean Chemical Symposium will be held on January 4-9th 1965 in Caracas Venezuela.Further enquiries should be addressed to The Secretary Third Caribbean Chemical Sym- posium Department of Chemistry I.V.I.C. Apar- tad0 1827 Caracas Venezuela. The Second Solid State Physics Conference will be held in Bristol on January 5-8th 1965. Further enquiries should be addressed to the Administration Assistant The Institute of Physics and The Physical Society 47 Belgrave Square London S.W. 1. The Eighth Meeting of the European Molecular Spectroscopists will be held in Copenhagen on August 14-20th 1965. Further enquiries should be addressed to Eighth European Congress on Mole- cular Spectroscopy H. C. 0rsted Institute Chemical Laboratory Five 5 University Park Copenhagen 0 Denmark.Personal.-Dr. A. J. Banister formerly of the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne has been appointed Lecturer in the Chemistry Department of the University of Durham. Dr. A. B. Baylis is working for a two-year period as a Visiting Scholar at the Northwestern University Evanston Illinois. Dr. P. H. T. Beckett has been awarded the International Potash Institute prize for work on soil potassium. Dr. J. N. Bradley Lecturer in Inorganic and Physical Chemistry at Liverpool University has been appointed to the Chair of Chemistry at the University of Essex from July 1st. Dr. A. G. Davies of University College London FEBRUARY 1964 has been appointed Visiting Professor at the University of Indiana until midJune.Dr. A. C. Day has been elected to a Fellowship and Praelectorship in Organic Chemistry at University College Oxford as from October lst 1964. Mr. D. M. Freeland has retired from his post as Chief Chemist to Macfarlane Lang and Company Limited at their London House after 42 years. Dr. M. K. Jain has been appointed Associate Professor of Organic Chemistry in the Division of Dairy Chemistry at the National Dairy Research Institute Karnal Punjab. Dr. A. L.Johnson has been appointed as a Research Chemist in the Central Research Department E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company Incorporated Wilmington Delaware. Dr. A. L. Jones of the Royal Military College of Science at Shrivenham has been appointed to a Senior Lectureship in Chemistry at Monash Univer- sity Melbourne Australia.Dr. A. S. Jones has been appointed Reader in Organic Chemistry and Dr. J. E. Randles has been appointed Reader in Electrochemistry at the University of Birmingham. Mr. R. J. Kerr-Muir has been appointed Chairman of Courtaulds Engineering Limited and of Courtaulds Technical Services Limited. Mr. W.Lawson has retired from his post as Reader in Biochemistry Courtauld Institute of Bio- chemistry Middlesex Hospital Medical School. Mr. G. R. Martin Reader in Radiochemistry at Durham University has been appointed Professor of Chemistry at the University of Kent from October 1st. Dr. R. J. Mcllroy formerly Professor of Agricul- tural .Chemistry and Dean of Agriculture at the University of Ibadan Nigeria has been appointed Head of the Department of Science at Hendon College of Technology London.ProfessorJ. Michalski of the Technical University todz Poland has been appointed to an Overseas Fellowship at Churchill College Cambridge for six months from March lst 1964. Dr. E. W. Mills has been appointed Assistant Director and Head of the School of Chemical Tech- nology and Metallurgy at the Institute of Technology Adelaide Australia. Mr. J. F. Osborne has been appointed Senior Research Officer to the Tanganyika Sisal Growers’ Association at the Sisal Research Station Ngomeni. Dr. D. R. Palmer formerly of the Central College of Further Education Eastham is now Senior Lecturer in Organic Chemistry at the Flintshire Technical College Connahs Quay.Mr. E. W. S. Press lately Director Chemical Inspectorate War Office has joined Thomas McLachlan & Partners Public Analysts and Con- sulting Chemists. Dr. W. B. Price has retired from the Research Laboratories of Pi1 kington Brothers Limited Lathom Ormskirk Lancashire. Dr. R. Raper has retired from his post as Senior Lecturer in Organic Chemistry King’s College Newcastle. Mr. A. E. Richards has been appointed a Director of Johnson Matthey and Company Limited. He will continue as Managing Director of Universal-Matthey Products Limited. Dr. B. Robinson formerly I.C.I. Research Fellow in the University of Nottingham has been appointed Lecturer in Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) in the Department of Pharmacy of the University of Manchester.Mr. H. G. Rove has been appointed Deputy Managing Director of The British Drug Houses Limited from May 1964. Mr. L. Simrnens formerly Chief Research Scientist Mars Limited has been appointed Development Director of Petfoods Limited Melton Mow bray. Dr. M. E. Trevett formerly Senior Lecturer in Organic Chemistry at the Flintshire Technical Col- lege has been appointed Head of the Department of. Chemistry and Biology at the College of Technology Kingston-upon-H ull. Dr. A. D. Ward formerly of the University of Adelaide has been appointed to a Post-doctoral Research Fellowship at the University of Sheffield. Mr. J. Warman has been appointed Senior Re-search Associate School of Chemistry (Radiation Chemistry) at the University of Newcastle.DTSCUSSTON MEETING ON “THE FUTURE OF CHEMICAL PUBLICATIONS” INconnection with the Survey of Chemical Publica- tions (Proceedings 1963 73) the Chemical Society will hold a discussion meeting on “The Future of Chemical Publications” from the afternoon of September 22nd to September 24th 1964 at The University of Nottingham. Residential accom- modation will be available in the University at Cripps Hall. Big changes in scientific and especially chemical publications are bound to come during the next few decades and these will affect the chemist who contri- butes to or uses the literature as much as it will affect the information specialist or librarian. The meeting will enable the working chemist to learn of possible developments and to contribute his own views as to the form which these should take.An opportunity will be provided to evaluate and discuss the proposals of the Society’s Director of Publi-cations Research before these are finalised and submitted as recommendations to the Society. In addition to a report from the Director of Publications Research there will be papers by experts on the future of the Chemical Abstracts Service the United States Government’s information activities developments at the Gmelin Institute the PROCEEDINGS role of the computer specialist versus general journals joint international specialist journals the deposition rather than publication of detail from research papers the needs of the Industry and the role of libraries and information services scatter and replication of information etc.Jt is intended that most of the papers shall be short leaving ample time for discussion. It is expected that the programme and full details of the meeting will be available in June 1964. Those who wish to receive these and to be kept informed of developments should apply to the General Secretary The Chemical Society Burlington House Piccadilly London W. 1. FORTHCOMING SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS London Thursday March 19th 1964 at 2 p.m. Symposium on “Aspects of Molecular Dissym- metry.” To be held at the Battersea College of Tech- nology S.W. 11. Details have been issued separately. This meeting is held in association with the unveiling of the memorial plaque to the late Dr.J. Kenyon F.R.S. (British Railways are offering concessionary fares (single fare plus one half for the return journey) for London meetings; a travel voucher for any meeting will be sent by the General Secretary on receipt of a stamped and addressed envelope.) Aberdeen Tuesday March 17th 1964 at 8 p.m. Lecture “Aspects of Enzymes,” by Dr. D. J. Manners M.A. F.R.I.C. Joint Meeting with the Royal Institute of Chemistry and the Society of Chemical Industry to be held in the Medical Physics Lecture Theatre Marischal College. Wednesday March 18th at 8 p.m. Lecture “Aspects of Enzymes,” by Dr. D. J. Manners M.A. F.R.I.C. Joint Meeting with the Royal Institute of Chemistry and the Society of Chemical Industry to be held at The Technical College Thurso.Aberystwyth Thursday March 5th 1964 at 5 p.m. Lecture “The Stability of Lanthanide Chelates,” by Dr. F. J. C. Rossotti M.A. Joint Meeting with the University College of Wales Chemical Society to be held in the Edward Davies Chemical Laboratory. Bristol (Joint Meetings with the Royal Institute of Chem- istry and the Society of Chemical Industry.) Thursday March Sth 1964 at 6.30 p.m. Lecture “Freeze Drying of Pharmaceuticals and Food,” by Mr. T. W. G. Rowe. Also Joint Meeting with the Institute of Fuel to be held in the Depart- ment of Chemistry The University. Thursday March 12th at 7 p.m. Lecture “A Chemist at Sea,” by Dr. L. H. N. Cooper F.R.I.C. To be given at Bridgwater.Cambridge Wednesday March llth 1964 at 6.15 p.m. Lecture “Applications of Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy in the Elucidation of Reaction Mechanisms,” by Dr. R. 0. C. Norman M.A. To be given at Mander College Bedford. Cardiff Monday March 9th 1964 at 5 p.m. Lecture “Sugars and Antibiotics,” by Dr. A. B. Foster. To be given in the Department of Chemistry University College Cathays Park Cardiff. Durham Monday March 16th 1964 at 5 p.m. Lecture “Big Rings,” by Professor R. A. Raphael Ph.D. F.R.S. Joint Meeting with the University Chemical Society to be held in the Science Labora- tories South Road. Edinburgh Tuesday March 3rd 1964 at 4.30 p.m. Lecture “Simple and Complex Metal Nitrates and Nitrites,” by Professor C.C. Addison D.Sc. FEBRUARY 1964 F.R.I.C. Joint Meeting with the University Chemical Society to be held in the Department of Chemistry The University. Thursday March 12th at 7.30 p.m. Symposium of three short papers “Radioactivity.” Joint Meeting with the Royal Institute of Chemistry and the Society of Chemical Industry to be held in the Heriot- Wat t College. Exeter Thursday March 12th 1964 at 5.15 p.m. Lecture “The Duplex Origin of Petroleum,” by Sir Robert Robinson O.M. D.Sc. F.R.S. To be given in the Department of Chemistry The University. Glasgow Friday March 13th 1964 at 4 p.m. Annual General Meeting of Local Fellows to be followed by Meeting for Reading of Original Papers. To be held in the Chemistry Department The Royal College of Science and Technology.Tuesday March 24th at 5 p.m. Lecture “The Interaction of Slow Electrons with Molecules,” by Professor T. L. Cottrell D.Sc. F.R.I.C. To be held during Scottish Research Students Colloquium at Chester’s House Bearsden. Keele Monday March 9th 1964 at 5 p.m. Lecture “Gas Chromatography,” by Dr. J. H. Purnell. Joint Meeting with the University Chemical Society to be held in the Department of Chemistry The University. LeedS Thursday March 5th 1964 at 6 p.m. Lecture “Electron transfers in Aprotic Solvents and some Chain-transfer Complexes,” by Professor M. Szwarc Ph.D. D.Sc. Joint Meeting with the Uni- versity Union Chemical Society to be held in the Chemistry Department The University.Leicester Tuesday March 3rd 1964 at 3 p.m. Lecture “Stereochemistry in Inorganic Chemistry,” by Dr. W. E. Addison. Joint Meeting with the Col- leges of Art and Technology Chemical Society to be held in the College of Technology Leicester (not Loughborough as notijied earlier). Monday March 9th at 4.30 p.m. Lecture “Determination of the Stereochemistry of Cobalt(r1) Complexes,” by Professor J. Lewis Ph.D. D.Sc. Joint Meeting with the University Chemical Society to be held in the Department of Chemistry The University. Thursday March 12th at 4.30 p.m. Lecture “The Forces Between Atoms,” by Professor C. A. Coulson D.Sc. F.R.S. Joint Meeting with the Loughborough Colleges Chemical Society to be held in the Lecture Theatre The Union Building College of Technology Loughborough.Manchester Thursday March 19th 1964 at 6.30 p.m. Lecture “Stereochemical Correlations,” by Profes- sor W. Klyne M.A. D.Sc. Ph.D. To be given in the Lecture Theatre R/G7 Renold Building (Lecture Room Block) Manchester College of Science and Technology. Thursday April 23rd at 10 a.m. Symposium “Chemicals in the Service of Petrol- eum,” Joint Meeting with the Institute of Petroleum the Society of Chemical Industry and the Royal Institute of Chemistry. To be held in the R/C2 Renold Building Manchester College of Science and Technology. (Please note amended date of this Meeting.) Newcastle-upon-Tyne Tuesday March 3rd 1964 at 5.30 p.m. Lecture “Chemical and Biochemical Studies on the Cephalosporins,” by Dr.E. P. Abraham M.A. F.R.S. To be given in the Chemistry Department The University. Northern Ireland Tuesday March 3rd 1964 at 7.45 p.m. Lecture “The Synthesis of Polypeptides,” by Professor H. N. Rydon D.Sc. F.R.I.C. Joint Meet- ing with the Royal Institute of Chemistry the Society of Chemical Industry and the Andrews Club to be held in the Department of Chemistry David Keir Building Queen’s University Belfast. North Wales Thursday March 12th 1964 at 5.45 p.m. Lecture “The Chemist’s Role in the Brewing Industry,” by Dr. J. Todd A.R.I.C. Joint Meeting with the Society of Chemical Industry to be held in the Chemistry Department University College of North Wales Bangor. Norwich (Meetings to be held in Lecture Room 2 The University of East Anglia Wilberforce Road.) Thursday March 5th 1964 at 5.30 p.m.Lecture “Sulphoxide Oxidations,” by Dr. D. N. Jones. Thursday March 12th at 5.30 p.m. Lecture “Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Self- diffusion in Aqueous Solutions,” by Dr. B. A. Pethica D.I.C. Thursday March 19th at 5.30 p.m. Lecture “Synthetic Glues,” by Dr. W. Wilson A.R.C.S. F.R.I.C. Nottingham Tuesday March loth 1964 at 5 p.m. Presidential address to Nottingham University Chemical Society by Professor D. D. Eley O.B.E. Ph.D. Sc.D. Joint Meeting with the University Chemical Society to be held in the Chemistry Department The University. Oxford Monday March 2nd 1964 at 3.30 p.m. Tilden Lecture “Activated Molecules,” by Professor A.F. Trotman-Dickenson Ph.D. Joint Meeting with the Alembic Club to be held in the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory. Reading Tuesday March 3rd 1964 at 5.30 p.m. Lecture “Chemistry of the Excited State,” by Pro-fessor G. Porter Sc.D. F.R.I.C. F.R.S. Joint Meeting with the Royal Institute of Chemistry and the University Chemical Society to be held in the Large Chemistry Theatre The University. Southampton Friday March 6th 1964 at 5 p.m. Lecture “Natural Polyacetylenes,” by Sir Ewart PROCEEDINGS Jones D.Sc. F.R.S. Joint Meeting with the Univer- sity Chemical Society to be held in the Chemistry Department The University. (Please note the amended date of this Meeting.) Friday March 13th at 7 p.m. Lecture “Physiological Effect of Alcohol on the Human Body,” by Dr.D. W. Kent-Jones F.R.T.C. Joint Meeting with the Portsmouth and District Chemical Society to be held in the Department of Chemistry College of Technology Portsmouth. Swansea (Joint Meetings with the Student Chemical Society to be held in the Department of Chemistry Univer- sity College.) Monday March 2nd 1964 at 4.30 p.m. Lecture to be given by Professor B. Lythgoe M.A. Ph.D. F.R.S. Monday March 16th at 4.30 p.m. Lecture “The Chemistry and Technology of Urethane Polymers,” by Dr. H. T. Howard. Tees-side (Joint Meetings with the Royal Institute of Chem- istry and the Society of Chemical Industry.) Tuesday March 17th 1964 at 8 p.m. Lecture “Chemistry and the Future of Electricity Generation,” by Mr.J. M. Ward F.R.I.C. To be given at the Constantine College of Technology Middlesbrough. Wednesday April lst at 8 p.m. Lecture “The Scientific Examination of Anti-quities,” by Dr. A. E. Werner. To be given at the Vane Arms Hotel High Street Stockton-on-Tees. OBITUARY NOTICES JOHN JOSEPH SUDBOROUGH 1869-1963 PROFESSOR Ph.D. D.Sc. F.R.I.C. J. J. SUDBOROUGH died at his home in Torquay on July 25th at the age of ninety-three. John Joseph Sudborough was born in Birmingham on November 16th 1869 the only son of John Sudborough. He was educated at King Edward’s School New Street and when this was resolved into the three Grammar Schools at the Camp Hill Grammar School. In 1886 he was awarded a leaving Exhibition for three years’ study at Mason College where he worked principally under Professors W.A. Tilden and Charles Lapworth. He was awarded College Scholarships annually and obtained the B.Sc. (London) degree in 1889 with double First Class Honours in Chemistry and Geology. During the next two years he remained in College working under Professor Tilden on the reaction between nitrosyl chloride and olefins in continuation of the professor’s research into the reaction of this reagent on terpenes and was awarded the Heslop Medal for research. In 1891 the Commissioners of the 1851 Exhibition offered to the various Univer- sities and Colleges of Britain a number of research Scholarships of El50 a year for two years and one was allotted to Mason College.This was awarded to Sudborough and so in October of that year he pro- ceeded to Heidelberg to work in the new University Laboratory there under the direction of the young and enthusiastic Director Professor Victor Meyer. As a subject for research Sudborough was asked FEBRUARY 1964 by the professor to study the alkyl derivatives of deoxybenzoin and the action of phosphorus penta- chloride on these the products being alkylated chlorostilbenes. The possibility and occurrence of stereoisomerism was considered and investigated and the results embodied in a thesis “Tsomeric Change in the Stilbene Series” which secured for him the degree of Ph.D. in 1893. The renewal of the scholarship for a third year and an invitation to act as private assistant to Professor Meyer enabled him to remain in Heidelberg for a further year during which he worked on the esterification of substituted benzoic acids by Fischer’s method and established the fact that ortho-disubstituted acids gave no methyl esters by this method.The term “steric hindrance” was adopted to characterise this phenomenon. He left Heidelberg in July 1894 and spent a period of six months in the laboratories of Owens’ College Manchester where he completed a thesis which was successfully presented for the D.Sc. (London) degree in March 1895. He was then appointed Lecturer in Organic Chemistry at University College Notting- ham under Professors Clowes and Kipping where he served for six years and with the assistance of some senior students continued his research on steric hindrance and commenced work on compounds of trinitrobenzene.In March 1901 he succeeded Dr. Lloyd Snape as Professor of Chemistry at University College of Wales Aberystwyth. It was a time of great educa- tional activity in Wales for in the previous decade the County Intermediate Schools had been founded and the University of Wales established. Previously the work on the science side at Aberystwyth College had been mainly confined to preparation for the Matriculation lntermedia te and Preliminary Scienti- fic examinations of the University of London and entrance scholarship examinations to Oxford Cam- bridge or other older institutions. Among well-known personalities who passed through the Chemistry department in the early nineties were (Sir) E.J. Russell F. D. Chattaway W. H. Lewis Frederick Soddy and H. 0. Jones. By 1900 the number of students in the department had increased considerably and the incoming pro- fessor was faced at the outset by the need for in- creased laboratory accommodation. Temporary arrangements were made in the Agricultural depart- ment and accommodation for research rooms was also secured. Satisfactory arrangements having been made for teaching the various grades attention was turned to research. The senior assistant lecturer Mr. H. Hibbert embarked on the further study of the additive compounds of sym-trinitrobenzene with phenols and amines and was able further to adopt the Grignard 69 reagent for the estimation of hydroxy- and amino- groupings in these compounds.A senior student K. J. Thompson was set to continue the work on stilbene derivatives and studied the bromo-substi- tuted cinnamic acids with results that secured far him the next College nomination for the 1851 Exhibition Scholarship. With the help of research grants from various sources the Professor was enabled to maintain a research assistant and to embark on a variety of interesting research topics. Thus Mr. D. J. Roberts (later Ph.D. Leipzig and a distinguished Welsh Civil servant) continued the woik on esterification and determined the esterification constants of a great variety of organic acids. Mr. E. Rhys Thomas (late Head-Master Newcastle-upon-Tyne High School) also worked on esterification problems and Mr.N. Picton (Explosives Group I.C.I.) continued the in- vestigation of the polynitrobenzene additive com- pounds. Mr. John Thomas (later Director of Research Dyestuffs Group I.C.I.) determined the effect of constitution in unsaturated organic acids on the rate of addition of bromine. Many other students who had completed the degree course with Honours returned to pursue a course for the M.Sc. degree. Four of these post-graduate students were in turn awarded 1851 Exhibition awards and proceeded to Germany or Cambridge to gain further research experience. The problem of accommodation was solved by the offer of Mr. David Davies (later Lord Davies of Llandinam) and his mother and sisters to provide a building in memory of their father and to bear his name.The College Council decided in favour of Chemistry and consequently the Edward Davies Chemical Laboratories were erected and opened in 1907. To the type of building and its equipment the Professor exercised considerable thought and care and in this obtained much help and encouragement from Professor Tilden. During the whole period which he spent at Aberystwyth Dr. Sudborough took a prominent part in general College affairs acted as Dean of the Faculty of Science and served as Lieutenant in the College Company of the 7th Batt. Royal Welsh Fusiliers-which later became the College Officers’ Training Corps. While at Aberystwyth he undertook the revision of the English edition of Bernthsen’s Organic Chemistry and also collaborated in the pro- duction of a practical companion volume (Sud- borough and James’ Practical Organic Chemistry).He was a man of abstemious habits a rigid disciplinarian who nevertheless was thoroughly respected and trusted by his colleagues and students. His interests outside his work were walking and gardening. In 191 1 after the death of his wife he accepted appointment as Professor of Organic Chemistry at the Indian Institute of Science Bangalore which had recently been founded by the Tata family under the directorship of Professor Morris W. Travers F.R.S. Here the merit of developing a sound and thorough system of training in Organic Chemistry was due to Sudborough who on the departure of Dr.Travers in 1914 became Head of the combined departments of General and Organic Chemistry with Dr. H. E. Watson rendering able and energetic service as Assistant Professor. A steady stream of research papers on a wide variety of topics including many of technical importance were published in colla bora- tion in the Journal of the Indian Institute of Science. In 1916 Dr. Watson became Head of the department of General and Physical Chemistry. PROCEEDINGS Dr. Sudborough retired in 1925 on reaching the age limit and having remarried in India went to live in Ermington South Devon where he took an interest in village affairs. He served as Treasurer of the local Church Council and on the Plympton Rural District Council for 13 years acting as Chairman during the war years.In 1944 he moved to Torquay and from 1945 to 1951 served as Hon. Secretary of the Torquay Natural History Society and as Presi- dent 1951-53. He was a life Governor of the University College of Wales and served on its Council for a short period. He was twice married first to Miss J. Hunter daughter of Mr. W. Hunter of Belfast and secondly to Miss Elsie Bean daughter of Mr. A. Bean some- time postmaster-general of the Punjab who survives him. He leaves no children. T. C. JAMES. HARRY BAINES 1901-1 963 DR.HARRY who died suddenly while on his BAINES way from London to his home in Pewsey Wilts. on June 17th after a few years of indifferent health was known and respected in photographic circles far beyond the confines of Kodak Limited where he was serving as scientific liaison officer with the Press.He was born in 1901 and spent his youth in Nottingham. He soon took to chemistry and studied under Professor F. S. Kipping taking the external B.Sc. degree of the University in London with first- class honours in 1921 and the M.Sc. degree in 1923. He then joined the photographic firm of Thomas Illingworth Limited where as a research chemist he produced a series of papers on the chemical analysis of photographic materials. His methods were widely used by chemists in the industry. He also worked on the chemistry of the complex silver thiosulphates and laid the foundations of the study of fixation of the photographic image.His chemical work in this period earned him the London degree of D.Sc. in 1928. In 1937 he resigned from Ilford Limited (which had been formed by the merging of a number of photographic Arms including Thomas illingworth) and in 1938 entered the Research Laboratories of Kodak Limited as Chief Chemist and Deputy Director of Research. In spite of the administrative work he undertook he kept up a lively interest in photographic chemistry with particular emphasis on the making of photographic emulsions. He retained his interest in the chemistry of fixation and when he was invited by the Royal Photographic Society to deliver the Eighteenth Hurter and Driffield Memorial Lecture in 1954 he chose as his subject “Fixation- The Chemistry of the Hypo Bath.” In addition to his scientific abilities he possessed a considerable asset in his personality.Naturally of a sociable disposition he not only took part in a wide range of activities outside his company but had the happy knack of getting himself accepted and making friends wherever he went. As a result he was widely known in both photographic and chemical circles. He was therefore eminently suited to fill the post of Scientific Liaison Officer which Kodak Limited felt it desirable to create in 1953. Jt was during this period that his flair for exposition received its full development. In 1956 he was selected to give the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures to a juvenile audience his subject being naturally enough photo- graphy.These lectures formed the basis of his book “The Science of Photography” (1958) which remains the best available introduction to the scientific aspects of photography. He broadcast several times on both sound and television and was in constant demand for lectures to scientific and photographic societies. He played a large part in the affairs of the Royal Photographic Society serving two periods as Presi- dent and was awarded the Honorary Fellowship in 1946. For the period 1961-63 he was President of the Photographic Convention of the United King- dom and at his death was Chairman of the Photo- graphic information Council. Dr. Baines never forgot that he was first and foremost a chemist and showed considerable interest in the work of the Royal institute of Chemistry and FEBRUARY 1964 the Society of Chemical Industry.He had been a Vice-president of both of these organisations. He had several interests outside photography and chemistry. During the War a young chemist in the Research Laboratory turned out to be a competent watch-repairer. This intrigued Harry Baines in a short time he had learned the craft himself but did not stop at the utilitarian stage. He developed a passion for antique clocks renovating them reading up all he could on the subject and becoming quite an expert on the old craftsmen and their products. Naturally he became a member of the Antiquarian Horological Society. His other interests included the film and drama and he was a member of the Savage Club the Players Theatre and the National Film Theatre.Dr. Baines leaves a widow and two daughters. S.C. GODDARD. RAMSAY MIDDLETON WINTER 1897-1963 RAMSAY WINTER, MIDDLETON who at the time of his retirement in 1958 was the Research Controller of Imperial Chemical Industries Limited died on June 7th. He was 66. Although he was born in Scotland those who worked with him in the early days of Imperial Chemical Industries regarded Winter as a New Zealander. Coldstream on the Tweed was in fact his birth-place but when he was quite young his parents and he with them emigrated to New Zealand. Those who have visited New Zealand usually come away with some very distinct images of that country; kind in its personal dealing impressive in its scenery socially progressive yet with it all nothing flashy but steady rather as respects its forward-looking acti- vities.Winter could be described as summing up in his person and typifying in his methods the charac- teristics of the land where he had been brought up and educated. He received his University education at Auckland and if my memory is correct won an “1851 Exhibi- tion” scholarship to this country which enabled him to study at Imperial College. He did some work at Woolwich War Office Research Establishment in the mid-1920s which influenced his work when he joined Imperial Chemical Industries at Billingham in 1928. At that time a section of Billingham was being formed to develop products derived electrolytically from the north-east coast salt deposits and Winter was allotted to me as a research man.Thus began our association which lasted in an intimate way for the best part of ten years. In 1931 both of us moved to Liverpool to work with the developing General Chemicals Division. Winter was an excellent colleague. As Chairman of the sectional organisation I was always kept well informed by him of what was going on in the research field. He was a bit senior to most of his own staff and when they were fired with enthusiasm for some bright idea he would bring them along to my room and let them expound what they were after. At the end of the day his solid critical faculty would be brought into operation and we would arrive at a sound rather than a brilliant decision on the matter at issue.He was good at finance also and his estimates always had a ring of reality about them which was a very considerable asset to the whole organisation. After that close collaboration our paths began to deviate somewhat he moving to the work of the Research Control Department in London while I returned to Billingham. If I may sum him up he was kind and stable reliable with a finely balanced degree of venture- someness and altogether a most excellent colleague. I look back on my years with him as a very happy and fruitful period in Imperial Chemical Industries. Throughout the whole period of his work he gave our Company in his tactful and helpful way the benefit of his wisdom and it gained much profit from his wise and shrewd judgment.Winter was elected a Fellow of the Chemical Society on February 16th 1939 and served on the Research Fund Committee for the period 1954- 1957. FLECK. (Based with permission on a notice in the Z.C.I. Magazine.) ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY Sir Alfred Egerton F.R.S.,1886-1959 a memoir years 1900-1960. Vol. 1. A-B. 4th edn. Pp. 531. with papers. Pp. 217. Published privately for and pre- Butterworths. London. 1963. sented by Lady Egerton. London. 1963. Supplement 1 (1957-1959) to the second edition of World list of scientific periodicals published in the the ring index a list of ring systems used in organic chemistry. 2nd edn. Pp. 371. American Chemical Society.Washington. 1963. British National Formulary 1963. Pp. 300 British Medical Association and the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. London. 1963. British Pharmaceutical Codex 1963. Pp. 1433. I’hariiia- ceutical Press. London. 1963. Kirk-Othmer encyclopaedia of chemical technology. R. E. Kirk and D. F. Othmer. Edited by A. Standen. Vol. 2. 2nd edn. Pp. 910. Interscience. New York. 1963. Landolt-Bornstein Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik Chemie Astronomie Geophysik und Technik. Vol. 4 Part 2. 6th edn. Pp. 888. Springer-Verlag. Berlin. 1963. Molecular formula list of compounds names and references to published infrared spectra an index to 43,500 published infrared spectra; issued by the American Society for Testing and Materials.(A.S.T.M. Special Technical Publication No. 331.) Pp. 312. A.S.T.M. Philadelphia. 1962. First supplement to molecular formula list of com- pounds names and references to published infrared spectra. (A.S.T.M. Special Technical Publication No. 331A.) Pp. 112. A.S.T.M. Philadelphia. 1963. Chemical equilibria and reaction rates at high pres- sures. M. G. Gonikberg. Translated from the Russian for the National Science Foundation Washington and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2nd edn. Pp. 212. Israel Programme for Scientific Translations. Jerusalem. 1963. Physical inorganic chemistry. M. J. Sienke and R. A. Plane. Pp. 166. W. A. Benjamin Inc. New York. 1963. Structure reports. Edited by W. B. Pearson. Vol. 19 (1955).Pp. 691. Vol. 20 (1956). Pp. 728. International Union of Crystallography. Utrecht. 1963. Metal ions in aqueous solution. J. P. Hunt. Pp. 124. W. A. Benjamin Inc. New York. 1963. Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie. System-Nummer 58 Teil B-Erganzungsband Lieferung 1. 8th edn. Pp. 314. System-Nummer 60,Teil D. 8th edn. Pp. 168. Verlag Chemie. Weinheim. 1963. Nouveau traite de chimie minbrale. Edited by P. Pascal. Vol. 2 Part 2. Pp. 759. Masson. Paris. 1963. (Presented by the publisher.) Nouveau trait6 de chimie minkrale. Edited by P. Pascal. Vol. 17 Part 2. Pp. 893. Masson. Paris. 1963. (Presented by the publisher.) Statistical tables on aluminium lead copper zinc tin cadmium magnesium nickel mercury and silver. 1953-62. 50th edn.Pp. 261. Metallgesellschaft Aktien- gessellschaft. Frankfurt. 1963. (Presented by the publisher.) Boron hydrides. W. N. Lipscomb. Pp. 275. W. A. Benjamin Inc. New York. 1963. Vapour pressure of the elements. A. N. Nesmeyanov. Translated from the Russian. Pp. 469. Infosearch Ltd. London. 1963. Topics in organic chemistry. L. F. Fieser and M, Fieser. Pp. 668. Reinhold. New York. 1963. Modern structural theory of organic chemistry. L. N. Ferguson. Pp. 600. Prentice-Hall Inc. Englewoods Cliffs N.J. 1963. Methylamines and ethylamines. Pp. 43. Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. Billingham. 1963. (Presented by the publisher.) B.D.H. tetrazolium salts tetrazolium salt blue tetra- zolium 2-(p-Iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-tetrazolium chloride.Pp.31. British Drug Houses. Poole. 1963. (Presented by the publisher.) Pyrazolenes pyrazolidones and derivatives. R. H. Wiley and P. Wiley. (Chemistry uf Heterocyclic Com- pounds. Edited by A. Weissberger.) Vol. 20. Pp. 539. Interscience. New York. 1964. Polyethers. Part 1 .-Polyalkylene oxides and other polyethers. Edited by N. G. Gaylord. (High Polymers. Vol. 13.) Pp. 491. Interscience. New York. 1963. Chemistry of wood. Edited by B. L. Browning. Pp. 689. Interscience. New York. 1963. Methods in enzymology. Edited by S. P. Colowick and N. 0. Kaplan. Vol. 6. Pp. 1054. Academic Press. New York. 1963. Biochemical engineering. F. C. Webb. Pp. 743. Van Nostrand. London. 1964. (Presented by the publisher.) British compounding ingredients for rubber.Com-piled by B. J. Wilson and issued by the Rubber and Plastics Research Association of Great Britain. 2nd edn. Pp. 596. W. Heffer & Sons Ltd. Cambridge. 1964. (Presented by the publisher.) Chemical engineering practice. Edited by H. W. Cremer and S. E. Watkins. Vol. 7. Pp. 460. Butterworths. London. 1963. (Presented by the editor.) Colloidal surfactants some physicochemical proper- ties. K. Shinoda T. Nakagawa B. Tamamushi and T. Isemura. Pp. 310. Academic Press. New York. 1963. Analytical methods for pesticides plant growth regulators and food additives. Edited by G. Zweig. Vol. 1. Pp. 637. Academic Press. New York. 1963. Application of distillation techniques to radiochemical separations. J. R. DeVoe. Pp. 29. US.Atomic Energy Commission.Washington. 1963. (Presented by the publisher.) Chemie und Technologie der Kunststoffe. Edited by R. Houwink and A. J. Staverman. 3 Volumes in 4 parts. 4th edn. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft. Leipzig. 1 962-63. Marking containers of hazardous chemicals. 3rd edn. Pp. 130. A.B.C.M. London. 1963. Residue Reviews. Vol. 4. Edited by F. A. Gunther. Pp. 175. Springer-Verlag. Berlin. 1963. Biochemical problems of lipids proceedings of the 7t h International Conference on Biochemical Problems of Lipids Meeting on Fat Absorption Birmingham 1962. Edited by A. C. Frazer. (B.B.A. Library. Vol. 1.) Pp. 474. Elsevier. Amsterdam. 1963. Congress lectures presented at the 19th International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry London 1963.(Pure and Applied Chemistry 1963 7 nos. 2/3.) Pp. 155-523. Butterworths. London. 1963. (Presented by the publishers.) Proceedings of the symposium on catalysis in practice held at the Yorkshire Meeting of the Institution of Chemical Engineers Harrogate 1963. Edited by J. M. Pirie. Pp. 83. Institution of Chemical Engineers. London. 1963. NEW JOURNALS Education in Chemistry from 1964 1. Journal of the Association of Public Analysts from 1963 1. Surface Science from 1964,l. Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Technischen Hoch- schule fur Chemie Leuna-Merseburg from 1963 5. Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry from 1963 1. Israel Journal of Chemistry from 1963 1. lsrael Journal of Experimental Medicine from 1963,2. Israel Journal of Physics from 1963 1.Israel Journal of Technology from 1963 1. (Formerly Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel Sections A E F C.) Journal of Organometallic Chemistry from 1963 1. Photoelectric Spectrometry Group Bulletin from 1949 No. 1. Progress in Nucleic Acid Research from 1963,l.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PS9640000037
出版商:RSC
年代:1964
数据来源: RSC
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