摘要:

AbstractIn his laboratoryBungenberg de Jongtaught us the properties of complex‐systems of all kinds of bio‐colloids. In all this teaching “nucleic acid‐complexes” was his best subject, because here he set us many examples using his own genes as illustrations. Expressed in his many good qualities as an ingenious scientist and as a genial and generous man, these genes were the best possible illustrative material a student can ever have.The wayBungenberg de Jongaffected his collaborators raises the question whether genetic transformations are possible only in pneumococci, I at least carry with me something for life!From artificial complex coacervates, crossing the borderland between colloid chemistry and biology —Bungenberg de Jong's own kingdom — I turned to the natural complex systems we call bacteria. May the following humble and unimportant note express in some way my admiration and love for the master who guided my steps and polar

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19520710102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOn account of the high activity reported for 2,3,6‐trichlorobenzoic acid (BentleyJ. A. Bentley, Nature165, 449 (1950).)), at first sight lacking the spatial relation between—COOH group and ringsystem occurring in the active compounds known until now, the series of substituted benzoic acids was studied more closely. From the six isomeric trichlorobenzoic acids, now investigated in the pea‐test, only the 2,3,6‐trichloro acid proves to be highly active. From their U.V.‐absorption spectra it is deduced that with the di‐ortho (2,6) substituted acids steric inhibition of resonance occurs. In this way the tendency of the molecule to occur in a flat form on account of conjugation is counteracted. Consequently in the undissociated acid the dipole vector of the —COOH group will be at an angle with the plane of the ringsystem. For this reason the active substitued benzoic acids are considered in essence to be equivalent to the types of active compounds studied before, realizing a three‐dimensional amphipatic structure in a special way, namely by steric inhibition, especially of factors favouring coplanarity. 2,6‐Dichlorobenzoic acid, showing the same inhibition, is found to be physiologically active too and arguments are given that very probably the weak activity of α‐naphthoic acid has to be explained along the same lines. When in the latter acid the steric inhibition of resonance is intensified (as appears from the U.V.‐spectra) by chlorine‐substitution in the β‐position, for the resulting β‐chloro‐α‐naphthoic acid an increased activity is found, this being practically the same as

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19520710103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLe but de cette recherche est de voir si le mécanisme d'action des cathions toxiques est basé sur un même principe et s'exerce au même endroit. Pour mettre ces faits en évidence il est fait appel au bromure de cétyltriméthylammonium, cathion organique, qui exerce son activité en premier lieu à la surface cellulaire et qui sert en somme comme agent diff

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19520710104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe chromatographic analysis of the amino‐acids ofSteinandMoorecan be extended to protein digests without much interference from the polypeptides present.The free amino‐acids in such a digest can therefore be analyzed. Some examples are gi

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19520710105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom accurate measurements of dichroism on dyed model filaments by photoelectric and visual methods a measure for the overall orientation of the dyestuff molecules in the fiber is derived and compared to the overall onentation of the fiber substance as derived from X‐ray and optical measurements. The results are discussed in connection with similar measurements on rayon fiber

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19520710106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA direct and straightforward method is used to derive the influence? of the shearing stress on the intrinsic viscosity from the experimental data without introducing empirical or semi‐empirical relations. It can be shown that the method of plotting (t–t0)/t0c wheretis the flow time andcthe concentration. is in error.The application to carboxy methyl cellulose in dilute salt solutions reveals a pronounced effect of small shear rates on the intrinsic viscosity. On comparing with existing hydrodynamic theories it is found that even the fully extended length of the polymer molecule would be too small to explain the resu

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19520710107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe calculation of the electric potential and the ionic concentrations in the neighhourhood of a monolayer containing fatty acids or other, partially ionized, organic acids is discussed in order to get a basis for the understanding of reaction rates in unimolecular layers. The systems tinder connsideration show several features allowing straightforward theoretical reasoning. It seems difficult however to reach a detailed description without further experimental study. Therefore a simplifying treatment using the well‐knownGouy‐Chapmanmethod is deemed to he acceptable at this stage to serve as a lead in experimental resea

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19520710108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe analysis of stearic acid/stearate monolayers. spread on hypophases of varying concentrations of H+. Na−, Ca−+, Mg++., (Cu++), is described. A discussion of the results is given. Comparing them with the theoretical relations formulated in the preceding pa

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19520710109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLe systèm diacétate de cellulose + chloroforme + alcool a été étudié, du point de vue de l'equilibre des phases, dans toute l'étendue des concentrations possibles de chacun des trois constituants. En plus d'un second domaine de coacervation, on a pu ainsi mettre en évidence des phases isotropes et anisotropes et établir le diagramme général du systéme. Ce diagramme de phases rappelle par certains cǒtés ceux des systèmes contenant des électrolytes colloidaux en sol

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19520710110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe striking similarity of phenomena found in specific precipitation with those encountered in complex colloid flocculation (in the sense ofBungenberg de Jonget al.) affords reason to expect a similarity of reaction mechanism. By studying the influence of neutral salts on the flocculation of diphtheria toxin with antitoxic horse serum we have tried to answer the question whether electrostatic attraction is as essential for specific precipitation as it is for complex colloid flocculation.

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19520710111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY