摘要:

The Crow rate policy issue is finally being put to rest. It has been a major agricultural policy issue in Canada over the past 20 years, and agricultural economists should have had a great deal to contribute to the policy debate. The contribution of the profession is critically assessed. While much of the research undertaken was of high quality, the profession's aggregate contribution was much less than what might have been possible. A number of shortcomings of the research system are identified, and some lessons for researchers and those who fund research are provided.

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1996.tb00139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the past five years, Canada has negotiated and ratified three trade agreements: the Canada‐United States Free Trade Agreement (FTA), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the multilateral free trade agreement now administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO). This paper focuses on the implications for agri‐food trade of the NAFTA and its interface with the other two agreements. The provisions of the NAFTA are described and evaluated as they relate to market access, domestic support, export assistance, technical regulations and dispute settlement. Observations are presented on the NAFTA's potential effects on trade in red meats, grains and oilseeds, supply‐managed commodities and horticulture. In addition, some of the shortcomings of the NAFTA are highli

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1996.tb00140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of farm credit subsidies on the value of farmland in Canada. The price‐components model based on the capitalization principle is developed and estimated using the pooled data from four selected provinces (Quebec, New Brunswick, Manitoba and Saskatchewan) from 1972 to 1991. The results show that increases (decreases) in interest subsidies are expected to increase (decrease) farmland and building values. However, the short‐term impact is estimated to be small. The regional analysis shows that the abolition of interest subsidies across the country is likely to have a relatively higher impact on land and building values in Quebec than in the prairie provin

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1996.tb00141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Decision processes and factors determining allocations of credit guarantees for wheat purchases by major exporting countries are analyzed in this study. Results show that, in cases of the United States and Canada, discrete decisions are made first, followed by decisions on how much to guarantee, including zero guarantees. The European Community (EC) makes these two decisions concurrently. Important factors explaining credit decisions are market share, the recipient country's market size and the existence of credit by competitor exporting countries. All exporting countries’decisions are affected by the existence of the competitor countries’credit programs in particular import markets. U.S. decisions are most sensitive to market share and Canadian decisions to other exporting countries’provision of credit. The EC's decisions are affected primarily by market share and the existence of competitor pro

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1996.tb00142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A nonnormal and heteroscedastic double‐hurdle model is used to study household expenditures on breakfast, lunch and dinner away from home in the United States. In the 1992–93 period, nearly 40% of households purchased breakfast, and about three quarters of households purchased lunch or dinner in a two‐week period. Wife's employment has a positive effect on the probability and level of lunch and dinner expenditures but not on breakfast expenditures. Income effects are all statistically significant and positive. The role of household composition. other demographics and region are also impo

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1996.tb00143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When research was initiated into comparing alternative method's of managing weeds in Ontario's major field cash crops, no field trial data existed. Twenty‐five farmers were therefore surveyed for their production data on corn, beans and fall‐seeded cereal grains, including weed management practices, input costs and wage rates, yields and product prices. Nine farmers were classified “conventional” because of their heavy dependence on synthetic herbicides, which were routinely broadcast on the three focus crops. Nine farmers were classified as “reduced input” if they placed reduce dependence on herbicides for at least one of the focus crops. Seven organic farmers placed zero reliance on herbicides, using instead substitutes such as crop rotations, smother crops, soil tillage and timeliness of field operations. Although organic farmers spent the most time and money on weed control, their overall direct costs of production were lowest for all three focus crops. Crop gross margins were highest on organic farms, partly because of lower production costs, but also because of higher product prices along with comparable crop yields. Linear programming model results for whole‐farm analyses revealed highest net farm incomes on organic farms and lowest on conventional farms, in part due to lower overhead costs on organic farms, and in part due to greater enterprise diversification and to greater self‐sufficiency in material inputs. These case study results need broader‐scale testing to verify the conclusion that organic or reduced‐input methods of weed management offer viable alternatives to conv

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1996.tb00144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewes in this article:Agricultural Technology: Policy Issues for the International CommunityEdited by Anderson Jock R.Institutional Incentives and Sustainable Development:Infrastructure Policies in Perspective Elinor Orstrom, Larry Schroeder and Susan Wynne.

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1996.tb00145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY