ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1972.tb02567.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIs the sentence by FriedrichListthat economic and political unions are twins still valid, has it ever been? Starting with this question the author analyses the history and present state of the European Economic Community. Its development hitherto appears to have refuted List's words. A political union evolves from an economic union only if unity is secured by political and military forces. These forces and the necessary renouncement of sovereign rights could not be established by the European states.The author stresses particularly the problems of international finance and monetary reform. On their solution may depend the future of the European and even world economy. One important element of a new monetary system would be an European monetary union. As a condition, however, not only a common monetary policy but also common economic, transport, social and educational policies are required. Offences against these conditions are numerous. The author condemns above all independent actions by single member countries in matters of revaluation and floating of their currencies. He demands a fixed European monetary unit and the foundation of an European central bank on the basis of gold.

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1972.tb02568.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe Economic Theory of German neoliberalism comprises a certain conglomerate of an absolutely free choice of selecting an economic system on the one hand and a definite determination of the economic policy that results of this choice on the other; this conglomerate prevented the theory of neoliberalism to become a valid theory of economic policy. The former German neoliberalism reduces the categories of aims and means to the choice of the economic system, an unhistorical approach, because such a choice never happened at all. But such an approach enabled the neoliberal authors to reduce any economic policy to only conservate the market system. Even the modern approach of separating qualitative and quantitative policies pursues the same intentions: although indefensible positions vanished under the impression of Keynesiantheories, nevertheless the definition of a genuine qualitative policy implicates that the latter has the function of conservating the market system. This distinction of qualitative and quantitative policy has another meaning than in the system of Tinbergen. Since the criteria of separation are ambiguous, even the modern approaches of German neoliberal economic policies remain inadequate compared with the modern theory of economic policy a la Tinbergen.

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1972.tb02569.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYDefining steady‐state growth as stationary proportionate rates of growth, defining balanced growth as stationary mutual proportions between physical output of all goods, defining equilibrium as zero excess demand, and defining stability as a tendency for equilibrium to restore itself if disturbed, the paper tests a neoclassical two‐country growth model for steady state, balance, and stability. The model uses prices and the exchange rate as equilibrating variables and admits consumer preferences, disparity of rates of technological progress, and disparity of rates of growth of labor forces. Growth is found to be steady‐state, unbalanced, and s

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1972.tb02570.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYMinimum‐wage, maximum hours legislation constrains employers in the hours of work they offer weekly to employees. Implications of this standardized work week are discussed here in the context of theories of the allocation of time. Some confounding of the effects due to income differences in such theories is shown to be possible because the value of consumers’ time is no longer indicated by their wage rates. Retail organization and service industries also can be expected to adjust to the differences in time value. Possible welfare bases for the standardized work week are no

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1972.tb02571.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYFull employment models proliferate in economic journals while excessive unemployment (U. S. and Canada, 1969‐71) troubles some major (and many under‐developed) economies. As in Keynes’ time, the analytic work is often at odds with reality. Patinkin, for example, decleares that ‘the labor market… does not interest us’ and that ‘its sole function is to provide the benchmark of full employment’. For Patinkin, and others, full employment exists apparently only byassumption. The implicit mechanism assumes that labor market bargains are made inrealterms and, in describing the ‘equilibrium’ tatonnement, a fictional change in money wages is imposed while product prices areassumedto remain constant.Keynesrejected this ‘analysis’ on the grounds that higher (lower) money wagesmustlead to higher (lower) prices with, at best, limited employment effects ultimately analogous to monetary manipulations. Yet Keynes’ remarks on this vital matter are commonly ignored, even in ‘Keynesian’ models.This matter is reopened inasmuch as the analysis has profound policy implications. On the theoretical level it is also demonstrated that on plausible behavioral grounds Lange's representation of a perfectly elastic labor supply function (over some range) is defensible. Patinkin's supply points ‘off’ the supply function really entails a misspecific

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1972.tb02572.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThis paper uses some partial equilibrium models to assess the possible theoretical effects of pollution abatement on the terms of trade and the trade balance of the United States. The results depend on the sectoral location of the pollution (export or import‐competing) and on the type of pollution (production or consumption). The U. S. will experience a deterioration in its trade balance in combatting production pollution and probably an increase in the abatement of consumption pollution. For import‐consumption pollution and export‐production pollution, abatement results in an increase in the U. S. terms of trade and welfare while the opposite occurs for import‐production and export‐consumption pollution. It is possible that the less developed countries have been bearing part of the burden for unabated pollution in the Unit

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1972.tb02573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1972.tb02574.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1972.tb02575.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1972.tb02576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY