摘要:

SUMMARYThis paper summarizes recent developments in the stabilization policy debate. The emphasis is on the controversy between two main classes of models, the equilibrium and the disequilibrium approach, which are both aiming at a consistent explanation of macroeconomic price and quantity behavior. The various models that have been proposed are placed into a coherent framework, and the source of their contradicting policy implications is explored. Empirical evidence cannot be expected to bring about a clearcut decision in favor of either paradigm. A more likely prospect is the development of a synthetic approach emerging from current research in the micro foundations of macroeconomics. (An english version of this article is available as Discussion Paper Nr. 61, Institut f¨r angewandte Wirtschaftsforschung, University of Basel.

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1982.tb01213.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYInflation occurs because individuals have an incentive to raise prices. The key issue of anti‐inflation policy is to choose the appropriate incentive to stop inflation. Monetary policy works through the hunger incentive and it is no longer effective because society no longer allows the hunger incentive to work. This paper argues that the appropriate incentives to stop inflation are market incentives. These market incentives can be built into society through the introduction of an incentive anti‐inflation plan such as the authors’ MAP proposal or its TIP counter

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1982.tb01214.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYConsiderable controversy surrounds the COASE theorem despite the fact that it is generally accepted as valid both in the theory of externalities and the economic analysis of law. A major source of the controversy is the fact that there are a number of versions of the COASE theorem and definitions of transactions costs. It is argued that a proper understanding both of the competitive market model and transaction costs reveals that the COASE theorem is invalid and not part of standard market theory. It is further argued that transaction costs and information costs arising from market uncertainty provide a key to resolving many of the controversies that the theorem has given rise to and following from this that the primary economic function of law in bargaining situations is to increase transaction costs in order to reduce market uncertainty and strategic behaviour.

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1982.tb01215.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIn this paper, three aspects of the potential gains form trade in an imperfect competition framework are considered in the light of recent research: the presumption that free trade reduces the monopolistic distorsions of imperfect domestic markets; the role of international openness as a way of making room for more efficient‐size sellers in the domestic market; its effect upon the appearance of new products and increase in the total number of products. Theoretical and empirical research suggest that trade is indeed likely to improve allocative as well as technical efficiency and often to promote more product varietie

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1982.tb01216.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYMany governments allocate resources to the repression of the political freedom of their citizens. The dominant economic theory of this activity, associated most prominently with the work of HAYEK, is that political repression is a bi‐product of the erosion of economic freedom. This theory predicts that civil liberty will be positively correlated with the degree of economic freedom. An alternative view, derived from models of industrial behavior, is that monopolistic governments will use political repression to protect their property rights, so that concentrated party systems will tend to engage in more repression than competitive systems. Using a cross‐sectional sample of 184 states in 1979, an empirical test of the two hypotheses is presented and the evidence is shown to be more consistent with the second hypothesis. In addition, the correlation between civil liberty and a variety of economic variables is examined: the degree of civil liberty is found to positively related to the level of real per capita income and to the ratio of wage and salary payments to total income. The Gastilindex of civil liberty provides the empirical foundation for the st

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1982.tb01217.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThis research empirically examines the extent to which progress toward meeting the new international economic order (NIEO) goal of reducing global and societal inequalities has been made in the period since 1972‐74. Data on global income distribution from 1946‐76 are presented and analyzed. Additionally, the developed West, East, the underdeveloped South, and OPEC nations are examined separately. Basic human needs distributions are also examined utilizing data from the third edition of theWorld Handbook of Political and Social Indicators. Distributional calculations in these analyses are based upon the well known GINI coefficient. The major finding which emerges is that the NIEO goal of reducing the amount of global and societal inequalities is not being met. In fact, on the whole, a global trend toward greater inequality seems evident. Increasing inequality also is particularly prominent in non‐OPEC developing Third World nations. Reductions in aggregate inequality have been made, but this progress is limited by and large to developed Northern and OPEC na

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1982.tb01218.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Argy, Victor:The Postwar International Money Crisis.Biehler, Hermannund Brandes, Wolfgang:Arbeitsmarktsegmen‐tation in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.BienaymÉ, Alain:Strategies de l’ entreprise compétitive.Borchardt, Knutund Holzheu, Franz(Hrsg.):Theorie und Politik der internationalen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen.Bryant, RalphC.:Money and Monetary Policy in Interdependent Nations.BuhnÉ, Rainer:Die Internationale Wettbewerbswirksamkeit nationaler Umweltschutzmassnahmen.Chitnis, Suma:A Long Way to Go.Clayre, Alasdair(Ed.):The Political Economy of Cooperation and Participation.Coats, WarrenL., Jr. and KHATKHATE, DEENA R. (Eds.):Money and Monetary Policy in Less Developed Countries.Culyer, A. J.:The Political Economy of Social Policy.Donges, JÜrgenB.:Aussenwirtschafts‐ und Entwicklungspolitik.Dornbusch, Rudiger:Open Economy Macroeconomics.Fels, Gerhardund Schmidt, Klaus‐Dieter:Die deutsche Wirtschaft im Strukturwandel.Frerichs, Walterund KÜbler, Knut:Gesamtwirtschaftliche Pro‐gnoseverfahren.Friedman, Miltonund Rose:Chancen, die ich meine.Gerken, Egbert:Arbeitsmärkte in Entwicklungsländern.Hagemann, Harald; Kurz, HeinzD. und SchÄfer, Wolf(Hrsg.): Die NewMakroökonomik.Hawke, Gary:Economics for Historians.Kenen, PeterB.:Essays in International Economics.Kleiter, Gernot, D.:Bayes‐Statistik.Lacoue‐Labarthe, Dominique:Analyse monétaire.Lavigne, Marie(Ed.):Travail et monnaie en systéme socialiste.Lipp, Ernst‐Moritz:Finanzpolitik und Lohnpolitik — Akteure zwischen Konflikt und Kooperation.Menck, KarlWolfgang; Naini, Ahmadund Nottelmann, Angela:Elemente einer internationalen Strategie für die dritte Entwicklungs‐dekade.Posner, RichardA.:The Economics of Justice.Tiegel, Dieter:Wirtschaftspolitik durch Investitionslenkung.Tresch, RichardW.:Public Finance — A Normative Theory.VÄth, Werner:Raumplanung.Wold, Herman(Ed.):The Fix‐Poin

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1982.tb01219.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1982.tb01220.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1982.tb01221.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY