摘要:

Healthy dogs were treated once a day for 16 days with a liquid, oral dosage form of digoxin (0.022 mg/kg). From day 9 to 16 they were also injected intramuscularly with furosemide (4.4 mg/kg). Serum digoxin was measured by a radioimmunoassay technique. Eight hours after the eighth dose of digoxin had been administered, serum digoxin concentration was in the accepted therapeutic range. After 8 days of concomitant administration of digoxin and furosemide, serum digoxin concentration was found to be in the accepted moderate‐to‐severe toxic range. Clinical signs of digitalis toxicosis were consistently observed during the combined digoxin‐plus‐furosemide treatment period. There was no significant (P>0.05) change in the serum concentrations of potassium, sodium, or in osmolality during digoxin treatment alone. Serum creatinine concentrations remained within the accepted normal range for dogs. Serum sodium concentration was significantly (P<0.05) lower during combined digoxin‐plus‐furosemide treatment when compared to digoxin treatment only.Results indicate that an interaction between digoxin and furosemide occurred which led to significantly (P<0.05) higher concentrations of serum digoxin during combined digoxin and furosemid

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1980.tb00473.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To assess the efficacy in dogs of an experimental solution (Solution A) containing high concentrations of bicarbonate and potassium, for the treatment of acidosis, acetazolamide was used to create a stable non‐respiratory acidosis. A total of 24 dogs was used, being divided into two control groups and two groups receiving acetazolamide. One control group and a group receiving acetazolamide had a balanced electrolyte solution (Normosol R) administered at a flow rate of 38.2 ml/kg/h for 2 h, and the other control and acetazolamide groups received Solution A. Blood‐gas, acid‐base, electrolyte and various biochemical measurements, as well as arterial and central venous pressure measurements were performed before fluid administration and up to 24 h after administration.Both fluids resulted in partial correction of the acidosis. Solution A returned acid‐base balance closer to the values of control dogs by the end of 2 h of fluid administration than did Normosol R. Despite the high concentration of potassium in Solution A (20 mmol/1) there were only marginal elevations in plasma potassium values. Administration of an average of 80 mmol of bicarbonate to normal dogs resulted in an average increase of only 2.7 mmol/1, whereas in dogs with acidosis the increase was 6.4

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1980.tb00474.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cloxacillin and flucloxacillin were administered to horses by single intravenous dose (25, 33 or 44 mg/kg). Levels of these compounds were assayed biologically from serum and synovia of the carpal and tibio‐tarsal joints at intervals up to 360 min. Serum levels of cloxacillin at 30 min were all in excess of 48 μg/ml and were equal to, or higher than, those given by the equivalent doses of flucloxacillin. Highly significant differences (P<0.001) between doses and between sampling times (30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 360 min) were detected for both compounds. Although the rates of elimination of cloxacillin and flucloxacillin from blood did not differ significantly, the early establishment of higher levels of cloxacillin in blood meant that it regularly persisted longer than flucloxacillin in both serum and synovia. The rate of elimination from serum was significantly steeper (P<0.001) than that computed for synovia. The slower rate of loss of cloxacillin or flucloxacillin from the synovia than the blood appears to fit the model of transfer between serum and synovium proposed by Howell, Sutherland&Rolinson (1972). The persistence of cloxacillin and flucloxacillin in synovia beyond the time when effective minimum inhibitory concentrations (4 μg/ml) were present in the blood, indicates a practical advantage in equine therapeutics where septic arthritis is the major indication for use of these compounds. In these situations, cloxacillin has a further clinical advantage in persisting in synovia for a longer time than flucloxacil

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1980.tb00475.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Phenylbutazone was administered orally and intravenously at a dose of 5 mg/kg to healthy cows and to cows positive for bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). Pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability were investigated. No differences were seen in the parameters between the healthy and BLV positive animals. The biological half‐lives ranged from 31.4 to 82.1 h after intravenous administration and from 38.6 to 78.2 h after oral administration. The mean value of the apparent volume of distribution was 0.09 litres/kg. Total body clearance ranged from 0.78 to 1.94 ml/kg/h. The average systemic availability was 67.5% with a wide variation among the animals (range 41.9–95.5%). Based on the disposition kinetics and on the therapeutic concentration range suggested in man, an oral loading dose ranging from 10 to 20 mg/kg and a daily maintenance dose ranging from 2.5 to 5 mg/kg can be propo

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1980.tb00476.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Intravenous chlorpromazine was found to cause rapid increases in plasma concentrations of glucose and long chain fatty acids in adult sheep of both sexes. α‐adrenergic blockade with phentolamine suppressed the increase in glucose concentration but not the increase in concentration of long chain fatty acids caused by chlorpromazine. β‐adrenergic blockade with propranolol suppressed the increase in concentration of long chain fatty acids but not the increase in glucose concentration caused by chlorpromazine. These results were consistent with the hypothesis that chlorpromazine caused a systemic release of epinep

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1980.tb00477.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Five adult cats were given 100 mg chloramphenicolper oson five occasions: twice in tablet form, twice in capsules which also contained barium sulphate, and once in capsules without barium. Plasma samples for chloramphenicol assay were obtained on either a ‘standard’ schedule (four samples collected within 8 h of dosing with tablet, plain capsule or capsule including barium) or a ‘frequent’ schedule (nine samples collected within 8 h of dosing with tablet or capsule including barium). With frequent sampling, abdominal radiographs were taken at intervals after administration of capsules. No differences were found with the frequent schedule between tablet and capsule with regard to antibiotic concentrations at each sampling, peak concentrations, or area under the curve of plasma concentration versus time. Standard sampling gave similar drug concentrations to those obtained with frequent sampling. Delayed absorption (defined as plasma chloramphenicol concentration<5 μg/ml for 1.5 h after dosing) occurred after six of the twenty‐five administrations: it was not related to the frequency of sample collection or the use of capsules rather than tablets, but occurred mainly in certain cats. Poor absorption was shown radiographically in one cat to be associated with delayed dispersal of capsular contents

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1980.tb00478.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The investigation was supported by the National Institutes of Health, General Research Support Grant FR 5465 Administered through the College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University.

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1980.tb00479.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY