摘要:

Experimental laboratory animals treated with the trichothecene T‐2 toxin, develop various acute and chronic disorders and also tumours of the digestive tract and of the brain. T‐2 toxin is teratogenic and immunosuppressive. In livestock, ingestion of fodder contaminated with T‐2 toxin and with certain other trichothecenes can cause various disorders, including a haemorrhagic syndrome, neurological and reproductive disturbances. Follow‐up studies of survivors in the flocks or herds which suffered fatalities from acute mycotoxicoses could establish whether and which chronic disorders and tumours may develop among the survivors and among their progeny, as a result of exposure to mycotoxins, which caused the acute fatalities. Outbreaks of acute mycotoxicoses are usually preceded by exceptional

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1981.tb00702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Six adult mares were given a single intravenous injection of oxytetracycline HCl (50 mg/ml) at a dosage of 5 mg/kg. Serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine oxytetracycline concentrations were measured serially over a 48‐h period. The highest measured serum oxytetracycline concentration was 8.01 mcg/ml at 1/2 h. Oxytetracycline was detected in synovial fluid and peritoneal fluid, which obtained mean peak oxytetracycline concentrations of 4.43 mcg/ml and 4.20 mcg/ml, at 1/2 h and 1 h, respectively. These concentrations steadily declined in parallel with serum concentrations and were not measurable at 48 h. Urine oxytetracycline concentration was relatively high, with a peak concentration of 1565.2 mcg/ml at 1/2 h after drug administratio

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1981.tb00703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Plasma oxytetracycline concentrations were studied in four healthy beagles after oral administration of four different commercial preparations of oxytetracycline dihydrate tablets. Although no statistically significant differences were found in the biological availability between the four tablets, assessed by the peak plasma level and the area under the plasma concentration—time curve, there was great variation in the plasma concentrations of oxytetracycline achieved in the sixteen experiments. This variation was not related to thein vitrodissolution properties of the tablets. As the amount of oxytetracycline dihydrate administered in die experiments was almost the maximum recommended dose and the mean peak plasma concentrations were either below or at the lower end of the therapeutic concentration range, it is suggested that higher oral doses than those officially recommended are required to attain effective plasma level

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1981.tb00704.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Tetracycline chloride dissolved in saline was injected intravenously to seven cows. Two doses of tetracycline were used: 5 and 10 mg/kg b.wt, and the injections were given over a period of either 10, 60 or 300 sec.A number of the cows collapsed shortly after the injection was completed, usually when the 10 mg dosage was given in 60 sec. When the same dose was given over a period of 5 min none of the cows collapsed. A more or less pronounced drop in blood pressure could be detected during or shortly after the injection; in those cows which collapsed the blood pressure fell almost to zero. The predominant change in pulse rate in connection with the tetracycline administration was a decrease which could be quite marked, pulse rates falling as low as 10–20 per min. Simultaneously with these changes in blood pressure and pulse rate severe abnormalities in ECG could be observed. Pre‐treatment with a normal therapeutic dose of calcium borogluconate intravenously prevented collapse in the cows and diminished the drop in blood pressure associated with an ensuing tetracycline injection.It is concluded that intravenous injection of tetracycline is hazardous, but that collapse can be avoided by giving the injection very slowly over a period of no less than 5

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1981.tb00705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fifty‐one isolates ofCorynebacterium equirecovered from pigs and horses belonging to two capsular serotypes were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. No clear differences were detected in sensitivity between isolates of different sources or serotypes. All isolates were sensitive to16 μg/ml, clindamycin 1–2 μg/ml, tobramycin ≤1 μg/ml, cephalothin 8–64 μg/ml, kanamycin 2–8 μg/ml, amikacin ≤1–2 μg/ml, penicillin 2–≤4 μg/ml, ampicillin 2–8 μg/ml, trimethoprim‐sulfa 4/76–32/608 μg/ml tetracycline 1–4

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1981.tb00706.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The invitroresistance of 40 strains ofStaphylococcus aureusisolated from dogs to trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole and co‐trimoxazole (SXT) was assessed using the disc diffusion technique on Diagnostic Sensitivity Test Agar (DSTA), DSTA with 5% lysed horse blood (DSTA + B), IsoSensitest Agar (ISTA) and Wellcotest Sensitivity Test Agar (WSTA).When sensitivity was based on a zone width of ≥4 mm all 40 strains were sensitive to SXT on DSTA + B and ISTA, 39 were sensitive on WSTA while only 31 (77.5%) were sensitive on DSTA.A comparison of the results obtained for each strain for trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole with those obtained with the Oxford strain ofS. aureusand using a scheme for interpretation recommended by Garrod&O'Grady (1971) indicated that the proportion of strains classed as sensitive for therapeutic purposes was 5%, 55%, 47.5% and 15% respectively on DSTA, DSTA + B, ISTA and W

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1981.tb00707.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Escherichia coliisolated from pigs fed on a medicated diet containing 120 p.p.m. halquinol did not develop any resistance to this addition over a 6‐week period.Sensitivity patterns of theE. coliisolates to eight antimicrobial substances, although fluctuating slightly during the test period (but no more than a control group), did not significantly alter. However, the patterns did change significantly when for 17 days after the completion of the halquinol trial the pigs were fed a normal commercial ration medicated with a commonly used feed additive containing chlortetracycline hydrochloride, procaine penicillin and sulphadimidin

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1981.tb00708.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Clenbuterol, a bronchospasmolytic agent (β2agonist) was studied in terms of its hemodynamic and airflow response in eight, healthy horses. Four animals were instrumented to record intrapleural pressure and air flow, these were used to compute pulmonary resistance, peak flow rates, and tidal volumes. Four animals were instrumented to record pulmonary arterial pressure, carotid arterial pressure, cardiac output, and arterial gas tensions. After control values were recorded, clenbuterol (0.8 μg/kg) was intravenously administered to each horse in each experiment group.Following clenbuterol administration, non‐elastic resistance of the lung or pulmonary resistance significantly decreased, 33.6% reduction at 10 min post‐clenbuterol. Pulmonary resistance remained lowered during the entire procedure and showed no tendency of returning toward control values by 3 h post‐clenbuterol. Within 30 sec following clenbuterol injection carotid arterial pressure decreased (mean pressure decrease 28.2%). Accompanying the change in arterial pressure, the heart rate drastically increased, 99.0%. Both changes were transient and returned to control ranges within 2 min.Clenbuterol appears to be effective in reducing non‐elastic resistance of the lung, however intravenous administration to an animal with pre‐existing cardiovascular or cardiopulmonary disease should

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1981.tb00709.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Equal doses of sodium acetate, bicarbonate and lactate (6.6 mEq/L) infused intravenously over 30 min into three groups of halothane‐anaesthetized dogs caused changes in acid‐base status. Arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), pHa, base excess (BE) and standard bicarbonate (SB) increased. Sodium bicarbonate caused the most rapid and greatest changes. The bicarbonate group was significantly different (P<0.05) from the other groups at 15 and 30 min after the start of infusion for pHa, BE and SB. The greater effects of bicarbonate are due to its production of alkalinization without a requirement for metabolism; acetate and lactate require oxidation to be effective. The acetate and bicarbonate groups were not statistically different at 45 min after the onset of drug infusion, but both had significantly higher SB and BE mean values than the lactate group. AH measurements made after 45 min revealed no significant differences among groups. Thus, after the earlier differences noted above, the three alkalinizers caused similar effects on acid‐base status. PaCO2was elevated in all groups, but there were no differences among groups. Cardiovascular effects caused by infusion of the three drugs were mi

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1981.tb00710.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Daily oral doses of 500 mg meclofenamic acid, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, had no observable effects on parturition in goats. These findings are contrary to previous studies in the goat and other animals, but may be a result of the route of meclofenamate administration.

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1981.tb00711.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY