摘要:

SummaryElectrophoretic variants of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (AHD‐A2) are widely distributed among inbred strains ofMus musculusand have been used to localize the gene encoding AHD‐A2(Ahd‐1)at the non‐centromeric end of chromosome 4.In the mouse(Mus musculus),aldehyde dehydrogenase (AHD; E.C.1.2.1.3) exists as at least three isozymes which are differentially distributed in liver subcellular fractions (designated A2, B4and Cy* for the mitochondrial, soluble and microsomal isozymes respectively) and in various tissues of this animal (Holmes, 1978a; 1978b; Timms&Holmes, 1981). Electrophoretic variants have been previously reported for the A2and B4isozymes among inbred strains of mice, and the genetic loci (designatedAhd‐1andAhd‐2) have been localized on chromosomes 4 and 19 respectively (Holmes, 1978b; Timms&Holmes, 1980). This paper describes further genetic analyses of AHD‐A2enablingAhd‐1to be positioned at the non‐centromeric end of chromosome 4.Forty‐three inbred strains ofMus musculuswere used in these studies (Table 1). Two series of matings were carried out.1) Female SM/J mice and male NZC/B1 mice were mated to obtain F, female offspring which were backcrossed to male NZC/B1 mice. These progeny were used to examine the segregation and linkage relationship ofb(brown),Pgm‐2(encoding phosphoglucomutase B) andAhd‐1(Table 2).2) Female C57BL/6J mice and male SM/J. mice were mated to obtain F, female offspring which were backcrossed to male SM/J mice. The segregation and linkage relationship ofPgm‐2, Gpd‐1(encoding the liver and kidney isozyme of hexose‐6 phosphate dehydrogenase) andAhd‐1were examined for these backcross progeny (Table 3). Methods for preparing liver and kidney extracts and the cellulose acetate electrophoresis procedure for typingAhd‐1, Pgm‐2andGpd‐1have been previously described (Holmes, 1978b).A previous study has described the electrophoretic patterns for allelic variants for mitochondria1 AHD and of the hybrid phenotype for this enzyme (Holmes, 1978b). The three‐allelic isozyme pattern for hybrid animals was consistent with a dimeric subunit structure: AHD‐A1A2, AHD‐A1A2and AHD‐3, with the A1 and A2 subunits being encoded by separate alleles at a single locus, designatedAhd‐1 (Ahd‐1oandAhd‐1brespectively). The distribution of these alleles among 43 inbred strains of mice is given in Table 1. The allelic variants were approximately equally distributed among the inbred strains examined and no divergence of phenotype was observed among the 6 substrains of C57BL mice(Ahd‐1aallele) and 5 substrains of BALB/c(Ahd‐1ballele) mice examined.Genetic variants for phosphoglucomutase‐B (PGM‐B) have been reported by Shows, Ruddle and Roderick (1969) and the gene (Pgm‐2) was subsequently localized on chromosome 4 nearb(brown) by Chapman, Ruddle and Roderick (1970). Table 2 illustrates the results of a three‐point cross betweenb, Pgm‐2andAhd‐1.Variation from the expected 1:1:1:1:1:1 ratio for unlinked loci was significant(x2= 73.15; 7 df; P<1 × 10‐5), indicating that the three loci are linked. Recombination frequency data are consistent with the gene order:b‐Pgm‐2‐Ahd‐1The second cross examined the segregation ofPgm‐2, Ahd‐1andGpd‐1loci (Table 3). The latter locus has been previously positioned on chromosome 4 (linkage group VIII) by Hutton&Roderick (1970) and Chapman (1975), and has been used to localizeAhd‐1in this region(Ahd‐1andGpd‐1exhibit a recombination frequency of 10.3 ± 3.7 %) (Holmes, 1978b). The data from Table 3 is consistent with a gene order ofPgm‐2‐Ahd‐1‐Gpd‐1.The recombination frequency data ofAhd‐1withGpd‐1, Pgm‐2andbalso supports the proposal thatAhd‐1is localized betweenPgm‐2andGpd‐1(Tables 2 and 3; Holmes, 1978b).Recent metabolic studies have indicated that mitochondria1 aldehyde dehydrogenase (AHD) plays a very important role in the metabolism of acetaldehyde derived from ethanol, ensuring a low concentration of acetaldehyde in the blood leaving the liver (Grunnet, 1973; Parilla et al., 1974; Corral1 et al., 1976). Moreover, genetic variation of this isozyme in human livers has been recently reported (Harada et al., 1978), and this polymorphism has been proposed as the molecular basis for individual and racial differences in alcohol sensitivity (Goedde et al., 1979). Consequently, genetic analyses of mitochondria1 AHD are of particular significance to studies on the genetic control of alcohol metabolism in mammals.In summary, this report confirms previous studies which demonstrated that the genetic locus encoding mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase in the mouse(Ahd‐1)is on chromosome 4 (Holmes, 1978b), and positions the gene with respect to b (brown),Pgrn‐2(encoding phosphoglucomutase B) and Gpd‐1(encoding the liver and kidney isozyme of hexose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase). In

ISSN:0003-3480    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1981.tb01524.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFour additional cattle blood group antigenic factors, provisionally termed Fl, F6, F10 and F15, were shown to belong to the C system. Factor Fl appears to be a linear subtype of C“(initially designated F2, or P1B1). It is suggested that future international nomenclature should adopt C”, and C“2in place of Fl andC. No phenogroup was found to include C” together with C2or C1, but a few phenogroups lack the three factors. Thus C1, C2and C“do not form a closed system within the C system as concluded by Duniec et al. (1973). The effectiveness of the additional factors to uncover the genetic variability of the C system, and to translate phenotypes into genotypes is exemplified in the Charol

ISSN:0003-3480    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1981.tb01525.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary20 cases of irregular inheritance of phenogroups in the C system of cattle blood groups were used to deduce a partial genetic map of this system, taking into consideration the 11 internationally recognized antigenic factors and the 4 additional factors recently described by Grosclaude et al. (1980). This partial map bears resemblance to that established by Bouw et al. (1974) in Dutch cattle.The operational length of the DNA sequence coding for the C system was estimated to be 0.3 centimorgan, a value which is approximately half of that obtained for the B system by Grosclaude et al. (1979). It is concluded that the phenogroups of the C system, like those of the B system, are controlled by a cluster of loci.

ISSN:0003-3480    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1981.tb01526.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTwo water buffalo allotypes (Bl and CI) are described, which are located on distinct low molecular weight molecules. Bl is common to water buffalo and cattle. These two markers are inherited in a simple Mendelian manner and controlled by two independent genes.

ISSN:0003-3480    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1981.tb01527.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe previously published serum protein polymorphisms Gl‐1 (Moutier, Toyama&Charrier, 1973) and tf (Bender&Gunther, 1978) are identical and represent genetic variation at the locus of the vitamin D‐binding arglobulin, also known as Gc or group‐specific component. The identity was established by comparative protein staining, by functional tests with;4C‐vitamin D3, by immunological studies with specific anti‐Gc sera and by the strain distribution patterns. The Gc polymorphism in the rat may initiate interesting physiological and genetica

ISSN:0003-3480    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1981.tb01528.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTwelve enzymes and liver proteins were examined by starch and cellulose acetate electrophoresis in two samples of hokiMacruronus novaezelandiaefrom New Zealand. Two polymorphic enzymes, a‐glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and sorbitol dehydrogenase, were found giving a mean heterozygosity of 0.027 over 12 enzyme loci or 0.016 over 15 protein loci. No differences in gene frequency were detected in nine regional samples collected from the New Zealand 200‐mile exclusive economic zone. Together with existing biological information on spawning grounds these data suggest that hoki in the New Zealand fishery form one st

ISSN:0003-3480    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1981.tb01529.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPig serum proteins were analysed by horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with a discontinuous buffer system (pH 9.0). A 12%acrylamide concentration in the separation gel was used. Each of the two prealbumin (Pa) alleles gave rise to two closely migrating fractions. The polymorhic Pa was identified as an a,‐protease inhibitor as the Pa fractions inhibited the esterolytic activity of both bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin. Therefore, it has been proposed that the locus symbol for this prealbumin be changed to Pi‐1. The protease inhibitory spectra and electrophoretic mobility of the Pa (Pi‐1) fractions suggested that this protein was probably the same as the pig serum a,‐protease inhibitor described in some earlier studies and that it corresponds to human serum a,‐protease inhib

ISSN:0003-3480    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1981.tb01530.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPolymorphism for equine erythrocyte malic enzyme is detectable on starch gel electrophoresis. The frequency ofMEISwas 0.06 in 667 Standardbred and 0.09 in 85 Thoroughbred horses. No genetically determined electrophoretic variation in soluble malate dehydrogenase was detected.

ISSN:0003-3480    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1981.tb01531.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe D region of the SLA complex in the pig has been studied by immunochemical and sequential immunoprecipitation techniques as well as the redistribution of membranous antigens (capping). The molecules identified by the anti‐la sera were solubilized by NP 40, purified on lectin and precipitated. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under dissociating conditions shows that these molecules are made up of two chains whose molecular weights are 32 000 and 26 000 daltons respectively. Sequential immunoprecipitation and capping experiments indicate that two distinct types of la molecules exist. At least a part of the nylon‐wood‐adherent lymphocyte population expresses both types of mole

ISSN:0003-3480    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1981.tb01532.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySuspensions of highly viable (<95 %) granulocytes minimally contaminated by other cell types were isolated from the peripheral blood of pigs by a single centrifu‐gation with low molecular weight dextran and after preferential lysis of erythrocytes by hypotonic shock. A complement‐dependent cytotoxic test showed the presence of antigens of the SLA major histocompatibility complex, the SLB leucocyte system and the A and E blood group systems on the granulocytes. Some SLA typing reagents against class I (SD) antigens did not react with granulocytes, however, or yielded dubious reactions. The findings showed that the reactivity of SLA sera resembles the reactivity of human HLA sera. The results also show that compatibility in the SLA, SLB, A and E systems will have to be taken into account when preparing alloimmune sera for the determination of granulocyte‐specific antigens of

ISSN:0003-3480    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1981.tb01533.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY