摘要:

Rising incomes and rapid growth require better approaches to organizing and delivering solid waste management services in developing countries. This paper uses Indonesia as a case context for exploring organizational options to urban waste management, including provision by municipal agencies, semi‐commercial enterprises, private firms, and neighborhood organizations. Semi‐commercial enterprises were found to cover significantly higher shares of routine expenditures than municipal agencies. Few differences were found among different indicators of labor and equipment productivity among organizational types, however. The major difference is that non‐public organizations more vigorously seek out revenues. Promising ways to increase revenues and stop leakages are to link solid waste payment with payment of electricity bills and to negotiate revenue‐sharing schemes with neighborhood

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1995.tb00059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper argues that Taiwanese investment in southern China has presented a different type of foreign direct investment. The investors are mostly small and medium‐sized, independent manufacturing firms, and they have been dealing with local governments instead of the central government. Based on the author's interviews with Taiwanese shoe manufacturers and Chinese workers in the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province, it was found that such investment has resulted in highly decentralized yet poorly coordinated processes of industrialization and urbanization in southern Chin

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1995.tb00060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper empirically tests hypothesized influences on the capital intensity of foreign direct investment (FDI) among the 48 contiguous United States. A theoretical profit maximizing model of the firm is developed linking capital intensity to traditional variables (the prices of labor and capital services); the model also takes account of the price of energy, agglomeration effects, educational levels, the importance of labor unions, and state and local public capital. The main focus is on the effects of public capital on the capital intensity of FDI. Public capital is disaggregated as follows: highway, sewer and water, and other (primarily buildings). The operational model defines FDI as the 1986 gross value of property, plant, and equipment of manufacturing affiliates of firms with headquarters in Canada, France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Findings are reported both for total manufacturing and for manufacturing disaggregated into five industry groups. Generally, the results emphasize that highway infrastructure and sewer and water public capital act as powerful incentives to attract capital‐intensive FDI across the 48 contiguous United State

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1995.tb00061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The authors analyze the impacts of Southern Latin America integration on Brazilian agriculture. The first part describes the creation of MERCOSUL and its consequences on Brazilian agriculture. Two types of effects are investigated: how MERCOSUL may have induced improvements in the level of competitiveness of the local production of wheat; and the strategies for productive reintegration developed by wheat producers and other economic agents. Some conclusions are presented discussing agricultural diversification as an alternative to economic integration in southern Latin America.

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1995.tb00062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The authors investigate what Muth labels as the “chicken and egg” or what others label it as “jobs follow people” versus “people follow jobs” debate by studying the dynamic relationships of changes in population and employment in the snowbelt, the sunbelt, and the nine census regions of the United States. The vector autoregressive (VAR) modeling method is used for the annual time series data (1955–1988) on population and employment. The Granger causality tests show that, in the snowbelt region, population tends to precede employment, while in the sunbelt region, the opposite is true. The impulse response functions generated for the forecasting decade suggest that “jobs follow people” in the snowbelt and “people follow jobs” in the sunbelt. Similar findings in general hold for the census regions belonging to the snowbelt and sunbelt. These findings raise doubts about the proposition of others that the growth process is either demand or supply‐driven in all ph

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1995.tb00063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1995.tb00064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1995.tb00058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY