摘要:

Contrasts in small business policy are examined for Japan and the United States. The author argues that Japan's small business policy has been part of an industrial growth‐oriented policy, while comparatively the U.S. small business policy has been mainly part of locally‐based economic revitalization schemes. Recent trends in policy development indicate that the policies in the two countries are converging. The U.S. policymakers have become increasingly concerned with the small business sector becoming competitive in global markets, while widespread offshoring of large firms have prompted Japanese policymakers to focus on supporting small businesses in order to prevent further loss of manufacturing j

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1996.tb00070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since the 1980s, a total of 221 small‐ and medium‐sized rural industrial estates have been established primarily to induce economic growth into the rural areas in Korea. Despite a growing interest in the performance of the rural industrial estates, it has not been closely examined. The purpose of this paper is to find the plausible factors that have a significant influence on the performance of the rural industrial estates, thereby providing a general understanding of the structural relationship between the estate performance and its determinants. An econometric modeling approach, called LISREL, is used to carry out this evaluation. Of several influential determinants distinguished, seven variables appear to be of substantial significance. They include the urbanization and industrialization of the estate host community, the accessibility of the individual estates to the major cities, the distances from the estates to the large industrial complexes, the local tax rates, and the government loans and incentives. The findings imply that more favorable are the estates constructed within the labor market boundaries of the major cities and adjacent to large industrial complexes. In addition to the location and environmental factors, financial funds and incentives will continue to remain as an influential factor for the success or failure of the esta

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1996.tb00071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An efficient infrastructural support has been a key component to attract international investment supporting the export‐oriented growth strategy of Singapore in the last thirty years. The current emphasis on information technology reflects not only a deepening process but also the necessity to enhance the productivity, hence the competitive edge of Singapore in the global market economy. Various computerization programs, including those for the civil service, have been implemented with success. It is expected, however, that the spatial impact contributed by the intensive use of information technology would be considerable. In light of recent rising asset inflation and operating costs, it is likely that the labor force could be driven more swiftly towards the services, leading to a premature deindustrialization, unless measures undertaken to counter the process are effectiv

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1996.tb00072.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The government of Botswana has adopted simple but workable strategies to tackle the entire problem of informal settlements that have arisen in the urban areas due to fast urbanization. Through a two‐pronged strategy of self help squatter upgrading and site and services program, low income persons have been provided with serviced land, security of tenure, and help to build their own shelter. Also provided is social, economic and line infrastructure. Today self help urban housing accommodates more than 60% of Botswana's urban population. To enable replicability and sutainability of this program, the principles of cost recovery, cross subsidy and affordability have been introduce

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1996.tb00073.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper focuses on estimating, explaining, and targeting poverty in Belize. The analysis is based on household‐level data derived from a national income and expenditure survey conducted in 1990. The paper estimates that the incidence of poverty was about 23 percent at that time nationwide, although there were significant differences in the incidence of poverty across rural and urban areas and across districts and subdistricts of the country. The analysis shows that the household head's age and education level and the household's size, number of children, and location appear to be significant explanators of the incidence of poverty; and, on the other hand, the investigation demonstrates that the head's gender, migration status, worker type, and sector of employment do not seem to explain, to any significant degree, the existence of poverty. The paper also illustrates the importance of sound targeting procedures in keeping poverty reduction costs low as a greater number of beneficiaries are included in such anti‐poverty programs. In addition, the analysis shows the clear tradeoff between undercoverage and leakage errors in program implementation. Finally, the paper suggests that poverty program geographic targeting errors would probably not be reduced substantially if subdistricts were used as targets instead of districts in Bel

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1996.tb00074.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There has been much discussion about whether population growth causes employment growth or vice versa. This study supplements the work of Mathur and Song by confirming that population growth causes employment growth in die Snowbelt and die reverse in die Sunbelt. Also, regional growth rates of population and employment alternated between convergence, divergence, and convergence during 1955‐8

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1996.tb00075.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY