摘要:

There is considerable apprehension concerning the cost of rapid urbanization in developing countries. However, actual costs of urbanization have seldom been computed. This paper provides a relatively simple procedure for making such cost estimates from information which is readily available from executing agencies involved in urban infrastructure projects in India. It is found that infrastructure costs are not systematically different for large and small cities. Differences in costs are more related to differences in physical factors such as geography, terrain, and climate, and especially to the different levels of service standards used. It is also found that the costs of replacement investment assume increasing significance with growing urbanization. Planning activities must therefore give greater emphasis to replacement investments than is generally the case. The main conclusion is that the cost of providing basic urban infrastructure in India can be kept within manageable limits in the foreseeable future provided that modest standards are maintained. The appropriate level of urban infrastructure investment should be roughly double the current level in India.

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1990.tb00105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

With the termination of the Panama Canal Treaty, a new mode of canal operation can be expected. The treaty affects the transfer of the Panama Canal from the United States to the Government of Panama at the end of the year 1999. Whether or not the Panamanian Government will maintain the current price of canal passage is the major concern of this paper. This paper forecasts the future traffic in the canal, and examines possible changes in canal pricing along with possible actions of canal users, under the framework of a gaming situation. The feasibility of building a new canal is also examined.

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1990.tb00106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper outlines three fundamental reasons underlying the need for more active communication between sectors (private, public and academic) and between urban centers in the Pacific Rim. First, the public and private sectors must, by virtue of their raisons d'etre, operate at close quarters. Secondly, the context in which urban development takes place is increasingly complex. This suggests a role for scholars in helping to inform the debate on urban development processes. Finally, many cities in the Pacific Rim region are increasingly bound to one another through flows of population, capital, information and trade. The key to understanding the evolution of individual urban areas within this region may well be through increased knowledge of the network as a whole.

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1990.tb00108.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using a broad definition of the Pacific Rim (including some countries in Latin America), this paper examines selected aspects of Pacific Rim urban development. Despite the overwhelming economic dominance of the United States and Japan, urbanization in Pacific Rim countries is very diverse. Yet growth in most large cities on the Rim is decelerating, suggesting a possible paradox of rapid economic growth coexisting with slower urban growth. Location on the Rim may be important only for certain types of economic interaction, i.e. those subject to distance decay rather than being transmitted electronically. The internationalization of urbanization in the Pacific Rim is open to benign rather than dependency interpretations, given that economic and social conditions are better in developing countries in this region than in the rest of the world. The large size of many Pacific Rim primate cities suggests the need for a polycentric spatial structure, and the issue is how much intervention and of what kind is needed to ensure that decentralization takes place efficiently. Transportation may be one sector where successful innovations are transferable from one city to another. Environmental quality is a serious but neglected problem in many Pacific Rim cities, but will become more important as incomes rise. It remains unclear whether Metropolitan Development Authorities or some other form of regional government are needed for efficient metropolitan government. The most distinctive feature of Pacific Rim urban development is the commonality of urban problems that arise in rapidly growing economies.

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1990.tb00109.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The flow of international funds in real estate investment between Asian and North American cities in the Pacific Rim is now a major financial force to be recognized. This paper reviews the differences in the characteristics and performances of the real estate markets in Hong Kong, Singapore, and several west coast cities. The residential and office price movements among selected Pacific Rim cities over the last 20 years are compared. The paper attributes the differences in the performances to the differences in economic and planning policies in these cities, the differing strategies adopted by the market players, the differences in East and West cultural values, and the differing opportunities and risks created by the various “rules of the game” in each city. If Asian countries continue to enjoy robust economic growth, and the differences in regional real estate markets persist, the flow of international funds within the region and across the Pacific will continue to dominate the 199

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1990.tb00110.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In September, 1984, Britain and China concluded theJoint Declaration on the Future of Hong Kong.TheJoint Declarationguarantees the continual practice of capitalism and a high degree of autonomy for Hong Kong for a period of 50 years after 1997. It helped to rebuild confidence and caused property prices to rise. However, Annex HI of theJoint Declarationplaces severe restraints on the present government, limiting its ability to respond to market trends and generate funds from land sales. This paper seeks to look at some of these effects. It is argued that there is very little room for the present government to maneouvre and that even now the constraints imposed by theJoint Declarationare affecting the land market in Hong Kong. Higher land prices, a slower rate of horizontal expansion of the city and a greater intensity of land use are likely consequences of the newly imposed contraints. The recent emphasis on inner city development and redevelopment vis‐a‐vis a new town development strategy is in part attributable to theJoint Declarat

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1990.tb00111.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper argues that traditional central place theory is problematic because it (1) treats a central place system as a self‐contained system isolated from the rest of the world and immune from outside disturbance; (2) regards spatial structure as a product of laws of economics, consumer behavior and demography, but never of socio‐cultural forces; and (3) tries to depict the hierarchical structure of tertiary activities as a static situation. The paper then proceeds to view the formation of metropolitan spatial structures from the perspectives of (1) dependency development, and (2) as a top‐down development process open to the outside influence of international cultural flows, which sustain commodity diversification and symbolic consumption, both essential to the capitalist global economy. To illustrate how this cultural process takes place and helps change the spatial structure of a third‐world metropolis, a case study of the permeation of McDonald's hamburger stores in the Taipei metropolis is reported in the third part of the paper. It concludes that the spatial structure is a result of both economic and socio‐cultural forces and processes, and that the provider of a culturally effective commodity is also a shaping force in the mass consumption society. When a corporation promotes a new product image or diffuses its services, it is culturally preparing the society for the next step in the endless course of symbolic consumption and, therefore, of spatial rest

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1990.tb00112.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY