ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199525731

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPalladium was used in organic synthesis for long time only as a heterogeneous catalyst for hydrogenating unsaturated compounds. But in recent years palladium compounds have found broad application as homogeneous catalysts. In the last decade, homogeneous catalysis relying on transition metal complexes has led to innovations in organic synthesis. Complexes of various transition metals are now used for organic synthesis, and each metal has its own characteristic features. Palladium complexes are the most versatile and used extensively in organic synthesis, particularly for carbon–carbon bond formation. Palladium‐catalyzed reactions can be classified into several groups based on their substrates: organic halides, allylic compounds, conjugated dienes, alkenes, and alkynes. Propargylic compounds undergo a variety of palladium‐catalyzed transformations and make up one important class of these reactions. It is well known that copper and silver salts promote or catalyze several reactions of propargylic compounds. However, palladium compounds, particularly Pd0complexes, show catalytic activities entirely different from those of silver and copper salts. Advances in the research on the palladium‐catalyzed reactions of propargylic compounds in the last decade have made the scope of the reactions clear. The ready availability of numerous propargylic alcohols and their esters by the reaction of terminal alkynes with carbonyl compounds clearly enhances the synthetic utility of their reactions. Palladium complexes, in particular palladium phosphane complexes, are soluble in organic solvents and behave as active catalysts under homogeneous con

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199525891

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe planning of syntheses in organic chemistry has continuously been given more solid foundations during the last decades. Widely applicable rules have been formulated. Nearly parallel with the systematization of this field the potential for the automation of synthesis planning by the use of computers has been promulgated. However, after more than two decades of continuing efforts by a number of groups, computer‐assisted synthesis planning, which relies on large libraries of synthons and transforms, has failed to establish itself firmly. This is in marked contrast to the acceptance of reaction databases. Their use has become routine with a surprisingly short time. Apparently the classical approaches to computer‐assisted synthesis planning do not satisfy the needs of the preparative chemist. However, this lack of success does not yet mean the complete demise of the whole field. The conceptual shortcomings and problems of the first generation of programs are both of technical and psychological nature and need to be critically analyzed. Meanwhile, work has begun on systems of the second generation, which try to support the chemist in the synthesis laboratory with new methods in novel ways. Care is taken to mimic and support the typical planning style of the human chemist, who often on the spur of the moment switches direction in planning as well as his (sub) goals and methods. New tools that correspond better to the thinking patterns and working habits of chemists empower the user to plan syntheses of organic molecules in an interactive and innovative fashion. We feel that this field is far from dead and continue our research activities. In this article we introduce a system with a number of novel concepts and demonstrate its capabilities with some practical examp

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199526131

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199526351

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199526371

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199526391

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199526401

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199526421

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199526451

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199526471

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY