摘要:

not available

ISSN:0706-652X    

DOI:10.1139/f79-109

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The evolution of the regulation of fisheries in Canada is outlined as background for a discussion of their economic rationalization through restriction of entry. The objectives of fishery regulation are discussed and questions noted that must be answered if limitation of entry is to be beneficial and acceptable.Key words: regulation, rationalization, management, limitation of entry

ISSN:0706-652X    

DOI:10.1139/f79-110

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

A survey of the economic literature of fisheries regulation shows that little of analytical value for the comparison of alternative regulatory techniques has emerged. The suggestion that the general literature on regulation, and on public choice, has something to contribute to the understanding of alternative regimes produces eight criteria. These are applied to the choice between two systems of restricting entry: a tax, and quotas. The transactions costs of the two systems are also investigated. The hypothesis is formed that the eight criteria, plus expected transactions costs, give the edge to a quota system; but this is only illustrative of the approach.Key words: regulation, management, costs, quotas, taxes, revenue, licensing

ISSN:0706-652X    

DOI:10.1139/f79-111

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Discussion of the need for economic rationalization has led to increasing interest in alternative strategies to control fishing effort in efficient ways. Three basic alternatives are considered: taxation, control of fishing inputs ("limited entry"), and direct limitation of output through individual fisherman quotas. Each is analyzed in terms of specified elements of economic efficiency, distribution effects, freedom to choose fishing methods and strategies, and administrative feasibility. It is noted that in practice all would be used in combination with other direct measures to assure flexible control over fishing mortality. A number of common objections to economic rationalization of open access fisheries (e.g. creation of monopoly power, unemployment, failure to reduce consumer prices, and nonmonetary values associated with fishing) are analyzed and rejected as largely invalid. While the inherent short-term instability of commercial fishing and data problems preclude any "maximizing" model of a rationalized fishery, the prospects for workable programs leading to improved economic performance without adverse societal impacts are excellent.Key words: fishery economics, taxation, limited entry, quotas, open access fishery, sociological aspects

ISSN:0706-652X    

DOI:10.1139/f79-112

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

In 1969 a program of limited entry was introduced in the B.C. salmon fishery; this indicates the near desperation of Fisheries managers at the apparent bankruptcy of more traditional management measures. Also, this introduction represents a significant break in traditional management orientation. The goals of management were broadened to encompass not only resource conservation, but also socioeconomic rationalization. Unfortunately, the program was ill-designed to achieve either objective. In spite of license limitation it appears that fishing costs and fishing capacity are still growing at a rapid rate. Although vessel numbers are declining, much of the potential benefits are being offset by increasing capacity and capital intensity in the individual vessels that now make up the limited fleet. While some benefits may remain from the program due to the rapid increase in the value of the salmon resource over recent years, the distribution of these benefits is somewhat anomalous. The public purse has gained little because license revenues represent a small proportion of the total management costs of the fishery. At the same time, it cannot be interpreted that fishermen will be the long run beneficiaries of the program. The only clear winners are the original group of license holders. Various adjustments in the structure of the licensing program have been considered to address these problems. While the most practical and effective of these is a system of landings royalties or taxes on output, it remains the least politically attractive. If the British Columbia licensing program is to become an effective vehicle for decreasing fishing costs and fishing capacity, some difficult decisions are required.Key words: overcapitalization, salmon management, fisheries economics, fisheries management, fisheries policy, fish licensing, license limitation, fish royalties, tax on fish landings

ISSN:0706-652X    

DOI:10.1139/f79-113

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The available statistical data are analyzed to appraise the success of Canada's Pacific salmon fleet rationalization program, in terms of the extent to which it has prevented fishing costs from rising in pace with the value of the catch. It is found that while the fleet's revenues increased at about the same rate before and after the scheme was introduced in 1969, the real capital employed increased more slowly under the controls than earlier. The program has, nevertheless, failed in its purpose of preventing further expansion of redundant capital in the fleet. The reasons for this failure, and for certain apparent shifts in the structure of the fleet, are discussed.Key words: Pacific salmon fishery, capitalization, economic rationalization, resource rent

ISSN:0706-652X    

DOI:10.1139/f79-114

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The goals and structure of the limited entry program in Alaska were defined by the political, social, economic, and biological climates in which the program was implemented. This paper outlines how these considerations formed the program and discusses the impacts of the program and the problems involved in its implementation. Other possible modes of approaching entry limitation are discussed in relation to the possibility of limiting some currently unlimited fisheries.

ISSN:0706-652X    

DOI:10.1139/f79-115

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Viewed in an historical perspective, the 1973 Alaska limited entry law evolved from fisheries policies motivated by distributive (Alaska first) and social (maintenance of rural fishing communities) criteria more than the traditional economic criteria of efficiency. Fisheries economics research has been primarily concerned with such matters as dissipation of economic rent through excessive units of harvesting. There is a need to expand this research into employment, labor mobility, and the evaluation of opportunity costs as well as economic efficiency.Key words: fisheries management, limited entry; Alaska; economics; political science and government; public policy

ISSN:0706-652X    

DOI:10.1139/f79-116

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Limited entry was first introduced into the rock lobster and prawn fisheries in 1963. Both fisheries have been characterized by rapidly rising prices for species caught. Although some sectors of the rock lobster fishery have remained moderately profitable, excessive reinvestment in boats and equipment has greatly reduced potential profitability. No trend towards company ownership of boats has been evident in this fishery. The prawn fishery was initially developed with a high degree of company ownership and the proportion of company ownership has increased. Overcapitalization has not occurred to any great extent in this fishery and profitability has remained high.Key words: rock lobster, prawns, limited entry, Australia, economics, overcapitalization, monopoly

ISSN:0706-652X    

DOI:10.1139/f79-117

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Foreign distant-water fishing fleets expanded quickly during the last 15 yr and in some ocean areas accounted for a larger portion of the coastal fishery resources harvest than neighboring coastal nations. Extention of national jurisdiction sharply decreased these activities. Catch and fishing effort limitations imposed by coastal states were of particular concern for foreign fleets. To attenuate adverse effects of these restrictions, distant-water fishing operators are considering three basic and mutually complementing solutions: better utilization of their own coastal resources until now frequently neglected, shifting a part of their fleets to the open ocean fishing operations, and continuing highly restricted and reorganized fisheries in coastal zones of other nations. Fishing activities within the 200-mile economic zone involve utilization of surplus quotas allocated by coastal states, quicker development of joint venture operations with coastal partners, increased purchases of fresh fish from local fishermen, and transfer of technology and know-how mainly to the developing coastal countries. Supplies of goods and services are also accepted by foreign fleets in exchange for access rights to the marine living resources of the coastal nations.However, all these adjustments of foreign fleets are considered an intermediate stage of the long-run trend in which the coastal state will be able to develop the resources without substantial participation of foreign fishermen. This trend is analyzed in the North Pacific distant-water fisheries development during recent years.Key words: distant-water fishing fleets, world fisheries, foreign fishery activities, 200-mile economic zone, marine fishery resources utilization, management of foreign fleets, quota allocations, North Pacific marine fisheries

ISSN:0706-652X    

DOI:10.1139/f79-118

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: NRC