摘要:

The relation of area to depth was studied for 500 lakes. Up to 0.3 km.2the mean depth is constant at 3 to 4 m. This is probably an artifact due to omission of shallow lakes from study. From 0.3 to 300 km.2the relation of depth to area is linear on a log—log plot. In the largest lakes the depths increase less proportionally.Of the three ways to study fish productivity in lakes, one, the estimate of standing crops, is usually attempted at mean depths around 1 m. Another, angling returns, centers on lakes of 3.5 m., while commercial reports come from lakes of 6.5 m. average depth, and extend to the deepest lakes.Fish records can be conveniently divided into three trophic levels, short food chain, e.g. carp, intermediate, e.g. bluegills and long, e.g. trout, bass. Records are interconvertible by use of factors. By factoring, a productivity index is calculated for some 150 lakes.The productivity index is found to be inversely proportional to mean depth on a log—log plot. Thus by correction of the PI it is possible to derive a theoretical value, called the quality index, for a standard lake 5 m. deep.The QI is intended to screen the effect of depth out of the PI and so disclose the inherent capacity of the lake. The QI values vary around unity. Lakes of mean depth under 2.5 m. are factored as of that depth, it being assumed that primary productivity due to photosynthesis goes on all the way to the bottom.A study of bottom fauna in 250 lakes in several regions gave no indication of a relation between depth and productivity.

ISSN:0706-652X    

DOI:10.1139/f57-001

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1957

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The compounds listed below have been isolated from, or identified in, the sources under review. Where there is still some question as to the exact identity, the name of the compound is followed by a question mark. Compounds identified on the basis of inadequate data are not listed here.Seston(freshwater and marine)Free: aphanicin, aphanin (=myxoxanthin), arginine, biotin (?), β-carotene, choline, cystine, flavacin, fructose, glucose, hentriacontane (?), histidine, lysine, maltose, monomethylamine, niacin, sucrose, thiamin, trimethylamine, tryptophan, tyrosine, vitamin A, vitamins D, vitamins B12.In hydrolysates:Sugars: galactose, glucose, rhamnose, xylose.Amino acids: α-alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, hydroxyproline, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine.Other compounds: aphanizophyll (=myxoxanthophyll?), astacene, cetyl alcohol, cholesterol (?), glucuronic acid, glycerol, lutein, peridinin.Dissolved organic matter(freshwater and marine)Free: biotin, dehydroascorbic acid, glucose, niacin (?), sucrose, thiamin, vitamins B12.In hydrolysates: α-alanine, aspartic acid, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, tryptophan, tyrosine.Aquatic sediments(freshwater and marine)Free:Sugars: arabinose, fructose, fucose, galactose, glucose, maltose, ribose, sucrose, xylose.Amino acids: α-alanine, glutamic acid.Carotenoids: α-carotene, β-carotene, flavorhodin (?), leprotene (?), myxoxanthin (?), rhodopurpurin (?), rhodoviolascin, torulene (?).Other compounds: acetic acid, biotin,n-butyric acid, cellulose, formic acid, pentatriacontane, β-sitosterol, thiamin (?), trimethylamine, tritriacontane, vitamins B12.In hydrolysates:Sugars: arabinose, fructose (?), fucose, galactose, glucose, mannose, rhamnose, ribose, xylose.Amino acids: α-alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, serine, tyrosine, valine.Carotenoids: antheraxanthin (?), fucoxanthin (?), petaloxanthin (?), sulcatoxanthin (?), zeaxanthin (?).Other compounds: adenine, arachidic acid, behenic acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, cerotic acid, cytosine, galacturonic acid, guanine, heptacosanoic acid, heptacosanol, heptoic acid, montanic acid, uracil.Sewage and Activated SludgeFree: acetic acid, biotin,n-butyric acid, folic acid (?), indole (?), niacin (?), pantothenic acid (?), propionic acid, pyridoxine (?), riboflavin (?), skatole (?), thiamin, tryptophan, tyrosine,n-valeric acid (?), vitamins B12.Terrestrial SoilsFree:Sugars: no free sugars identified.Amino acids: α-alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, leucine and/or isoleucine, lysine, serine, threonine, valine.Other acids: acetic acid, acrylic acid,p-aminobenzoic acid (?), benzoic acid, 3,5-cresotic acid, α-crotonic acid, cyanuric acid, 8,9-dihydroxystearic acid, formic acid, α-hydroxystearic acid, lignoceric acid, oxalic acid, α-picoline-γ-carboxylic acid, saccharic acid, succinic acid.Other compounds: adenine, allantoin, biotin, chrysene, creatinine, cytosine, hentriacontane, hypoxanthine, inositol, mannitol, methylglyoxal, niacin (?), phytin, pyridoxine (?), riboflavin (?), salicylic aldehyde, thiamin, trithiobenzaldehyde, vanillin, vitamins B12, xanthine.In hydrolysates:Sugars: arabinose, fucose, galactose, glucose, mannose, rhamnose, ribose, xylose.Amino acids: α-alanine, β-alanine, α-aminobutyric acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, arginine, aspartic acid, cystine (?), cysteic acid, α,ϵ-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, hydroxyproline, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine (?), methionine sulphoxide, proline, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, valine.Other compounds: galactosamine, galacturonic acid, glucosamine, glucuronic acid, glycerol, guanine, inositol.Partially characterized organic matter fractions from freshwater and marine seston, water and mud are also reviewed. Special attention is devoted to algal toxins and to the occurrence and activity of free enzymes in nature.The number of adequately identified organic compounds in each of the sources under review is: seston, 45; water, 15; sewage, 14; aquatic sediments, 62; terrestrial soils, 76.

ISSN:0706-652X    

DOI:10.1139/f57-002

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1957

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

An account is given of the known records, distribution and migrations of the smaller Odontocete whales occurring in eastern Canadian waters, with measurements of specimens obtained of the rarer species. The distribution of the abundant pilot whaleGlobicephala melaena(Traill) has been studied in most detail. The species' summer range includes both the offshore waters of the Labrador Sea and the coastal waters around Newfoundland. The coastal population feeds only on the squidIllex illecebrosus(LeSueur) and its movements inshore in spring and offshore in autumn follow those of the squid over the southwest Grand Bank. In some years a failure of the squid to move shorewards results in a failure of the fisheries for both squid and pilot whales in Newfoundland. The species is known to winter in an oceanic area southeast of the Grand Bank.The white-sided dolphinLagenorhynchus acutusGray associates with the pilot whale and apparently inhabits the same climatic zone in these waters, while the white-beaked dolphinL.albirostrisGray is found in somewhat colder waters. The killer whaleGrampus orca(L.) migrates northwards in spring along the Newfoundland and Labrador coasts, its migration coinciding with that of the rorquals.New records for the waters of eastern Canada, extending the known range of each, are given forMesoplodon bidens,Tursiops truncatus,Lagenorhynchus albirostrisandLagenorhynchus acutus.

ISSN:0706-652X    

DOI:10.1139/f57-003

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1957

数据来源: NRC