摘要:

Human peritoneal macrophages, originating from peritoneal dialysis fluid and growing in vitro, support the growth and serial propagation of hepatitis B virus (HBV). The evidence for virus growth is based on (i) the regular detection of HB core antigen in twenty-one passages of macrophages by a complement fixation test using rabbit anti-HB core serum; (ii) detection of HB core and e antigen in the twenty-first passage, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent asay; (iii) the detection of HB antigen in cultured macrophages in the fourteenth passage by an indirect immunofluorescence test using human convalescent serum; and (iv) detection of HB core antigen in the twenty-second passage by immunofluorescence test using rabbit anti-HB core serum. No CPE was observed throught twenty-one passages. It is believed that this is the first successful cultivation and serial propagation of HBV in a cell culture system in vitro. Practical aspects of this finding are discussed.

ISSN:0300-5526    

DOI:10.1159/000149708

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A panel of 37 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against adenovirus type 35 (AV35) hexon was studied by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and passive hemagglutination (HA) methods. Nine heterologous hexon types and the homologous type were used to determine the reactivity pattern (RP) of the MAbs and to study the antigenic relationship among the different hexon types. Eleven types of RPs were shown using ELISA and seven types were shown using the HA test. In the case of six MAbs, the RPs were identical in both assay systems; 31 MAbs showed some differences when the results of the two methods were compared. The common epitopes of the different hexon types studied seem to be characterized as genus, subgenus, intersubgenus, and intertype specificities. The type-specific determinant of AV35 hexon could be detected by several MAbs. The antigenic relationship seems to be closer between the two oncogenic subgenera (A and B) of adenoviruses, whereas the antigenic relationship to AV35 hexon is somewhat looser for subgenera D, and E. Hexon types of subgenus C showed the greatest differences in antigenic structure compared with the AV35 hexon.

ISSN:0300-5526    

DOI:10.1159/000149709

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The proposed family Toroviridae is characterized by eveloped, peplomer-bearing particles containing an elongated tubular nucleocapsid with helical symmetry. The capsid may bend into an open torus, conferring a biconcave disk or kidney-shaped morphology to the virion (largest diameter 120–140 nm) or the capsid may be straight, resulting in a rod-shaped particle (35 × 170 nm). Morphogenesis is by budding of preformed nucleocapsids through membranes mainly of the Golgi system and of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Berne virus, which is proposed as the family prototype, contains a single strand of infectious positive-sense RNA, Mr about 6.5 × 106, which is polyadenylated. The RNA is surrounded by the major nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (Mr about 20,000) which, in turn, is enveloped by a membrane containing one major protein (Mr 22,000) and a phosphoprotein (Mr 37,000). The viral peplomers, about 20 nm long, carry determinants for neutralization and hemagglutination; they are formed by a polydisperse N-glycosylated protein (Mr 75,000–100,000). Four major subgenomic polyadenylated RNAs have been identified in infected cells, with Mrs of 3.0,0.71,0.46 and 0.26 × 106. Torovirus replication is inhibited by actinomycin D, alpha-aman-itin and pre-irradiation of the host cell with UV light. All toroviruses identified so far cause enteric infections and are probably transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Serologic relationships between equine, bovine and human toroviruses have been demons

ISSN:0300-5526    

DOI:10.1159/000149710

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fresh plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes were obtained from 11 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). All of these patients were seropositive for antibodies to HTLV-III/LAV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Plasma and uncultured peripheral blood leukocytes from these patients were tested for the presence of infectious EBV and membrane antigen (EBV-MA). Transforming EBV was isolated from the cell-free plasma of 4 patients with AIDS exhibiting EBV-MA in uncultered cells. No virus was detected in plasma from the healthy donors or from the remaining AIDS patients. No neutralizing antibody to EBV was detected in the 4 patients whose plasma contained EBV. In contrast, neutralizing antibody was present in the plasma of EBV-seropositive healthy donors and in 7 other patients with AIDS. One of the AIDS patients whose plasma contained EBV recently developed Burkitt’s-type lymphoma. The production of transforming EBV could be induced either directly or indirectly by HTLV-III/LAV infection, and also could be involved in the frequently observed B cell malignancy associated with AID

ISSN:0300-5526    

DOI:10.1159/000149711

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Cytomegalovirus infection of laboratory rats resulted in the appearance of virus and viral antigens in interscapular and periaortic brown fat. This appearance was limited to acute infection (first week post-infection) and was dependent on the route of inoculation. In our study virus could only be detected in subcutaneous brown fat in young rats (till 4 weeks of age), whereas in the deep brown fat (periaortic region) no age dependency was found.

ISSN:0300-5526    

DOI:10.1159/000149712

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The early genes of the human papovavirus BKV and simian virus 40 (SV40) show a different host range for transformation. The early region of SV40 efficiently transforms human fibroblast cells, whereas the early region of BKV does not. Interchanging noncoding enhancer-promoter sequences around the origin of replication between BKV and SV40 showed that (i) the early enhancer-promoter sequences of BKV and SV40 could substitute for each other, as far as the induction of expression of tumor antigens and morphological transformation is concerned; (ii) the efficiency of transformation was influenced by the enhancer-promoter sequences, and (iii) the difference in host range for transformation between BKV and SV40 was determined by the early gene products rather than by the enhancer-promoter sequences.

ISSN:0300-5526    

DOI:10.1159/000149713

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Three distinctive types of viral inclusion bodies were identified in hantavirus-infected cells by thin-section electron microscopy. The inclusion bodies, designated granular, granulofilamentous, and filamentous, were intracytoplasmic and closely associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi cisternae. Virus specificity of the inclusions was verified by immune colloidal gold and immunoperoxidase labeling. The inclusion bodies were a common morphological marker for 13 strains of hantaviruses studied, irrespective of their origin.

ISSN:0300-5526    

DOI:10.1159/000149714

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Spleen cells, from BALB/c mice that had been infected with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) for 6 days and that had or had not been previously immunized with glutaraldehyde-inactivated LDV, were fused with NS-1 myeloma cells. The fusion frequency was at least 10 times higher than with spleen cells of normal or chronically infected mice. Only 1 of 297 wells containing hybridomas prepared with spleens from unprimed 6-day-infected mice produced LDV-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb). In contrast, when mice were immunized with inactivated LDV before infection, 33 of 73 hybridoma-containing wells screened were LDV-specific. The mAbs produced were mainly of IgG2a, IgM, and IgG, subclasses and exhibited an identical characteristic staining pattern of LDV-infected cultured macrophages. A single mAb of IgG2b isotype yielded a different staining pattern. Western blotting showed that all of 12 mAbs analyzed in more detail were specific for the LDV glycoprotein, VP-3, but none of these neutralized the infectivity of the homologous strain of LDV. They also did not significantly protect immunosuppressed 10-month-old C58 mice against LDV-induced paralytic poliomyelitis, as does passive immunization with polyclonal mouse anti-LDV IgG.

ISSN:0300-5526    

DOI:10.1159/000149715

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger