ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

While there have been many applications of cluster analysis in psychiatric classification research, there are no studies in which cluster analysis is used to discover the taxonomic structure implicit in the DSM-III itself. In order to do so, the symptom index in the DSMIII- R manual was summarized in a two-way matrix of disorders by symptoms and then analyzed using a hierarchical classes model and companion algorithm (HICLAS) that permits overlap among classes. A novel feature of this model is that superordinate-subordinate relationships among diagnostic and symptom classes are explicitly represented. The HICLAS analysis revealed that there are several discrete symptom classes in DSM-III-R and that many psychiatric disorders can be modeled as combinations of one or more of these classes. The disorders associated with these symptom classes tend to fit the hierarchical classes model relatively well, particularly the mood disorders and the psychotic disorders. However, disorders such as adjustment, personality, and sexual disorder fit the model poorly or not at all. The results are in line with the conjecture that the taxonomic model implicit in DSM-III-R is a hybrid of discrete symptom classes and some other structure, perhaps a dimensional one.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We developed a structured diagnostic interview for DSM-III-R hypochondriasis (SDIH) that is the first such clinician-administered instrument. The SDIH was administered to 88 general medical outpatients who scored above a predetermined cutoff on a hypochondriacal symptom questionnaire, and to 100 comparison patients randomly chosen from among those below the cutoff. Using the joint assessment method, interrater agreement on the DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria was 88% to 97% and agreement on the diagnosis was 96%. Concurrent validity was suggested by a significant correlation between the interview and the primary care physicians' ratings of hypochondriasis. A measure of external validity was demonstrated in that several clinical characteristics thought to be ancillary features of hypochondriasis were significantly more prevalent in interview-positive patients than in interview-negative patients. Finally, the SDIH appeared to have discriminant validity in that patients diagnosed as hypochondriacal had several other clinical features that distinguished them from the patients who scored above the cutoff on hypochondriacal symptomatology, but failed to be diagnosed as hypochondriacal with the SDIH.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The distribution of total Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, individual items, and groups of items were studied in French elderly community residents from a random sample of 2727 subjects. Serial sevens, recall three objects, and copy pentagons had the lowest percentage of correct responses, while orientation to place, naming two objects, and three objects registration had the highest percentage of correct responses. The structure of correlation of the items was studied using Principal Components Analysis. The projection of the items on the first axis reflects the tendency of the items to vary in the same direction and is compatible with the fact that the MMSE items are all indicators of the same concept: cognitive performance. The second and third axes identify clusters of highly correlated variables and provide support for the internal validity of the MMSE score for a French population. The full MMSE score seems to be a valid instrument for the evaluation of cognitive performance in community-based elderly residents.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This 1988 study reports the point and lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders, using DSM-III-R criteria, of a sample (approximately 25%) of adult members of an Indian village previously studied in 1969. The basic instrument was the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, augmented by available medical information and administered by experienced psychiatrists. Subjects were interviewed and results were weighed for the age- and sexdistributed population. The results indicated a high point prevalence of alcohol dependence (32.8%), with a lifetime prevalence of 72.8%, among males. The lifetime prevalence of affective disorders among women was also high (36.8%), but less so among men (19.3%). When compared with the DSM-III-R diagnoses of the 1969 study, the point prevalence rates of alcohol dependence and abuse disorders fell from 39% to 21%. Also, fewer subjects were judged to be psychiatrically impaired. Even though the prevalence of psychiatric disorders was lower in the current study, the rates for alcohol disorders and affective disorders were still far higher than those reported in Epidemiologic Catchment Area studies. Alcohol dependence (especially among young men) and affective disorder (among women) were major problems.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study investigated whether demographic variables previously reported to differentiate ordinary homosexuals from heterosexuals also differentiate gender-dysphoric homosexuals from gender-dysphoric persons with other sexual orientations. Subjects were outpatients aged 16 and older who were referred by physicians to a specialty clinic for the assessment of gender identity disorders. The subjects were divided into three groups: 204 homosexual women, 193 homosexual men, and 273 non homosexual men; the last category included men sexually attracted to females, to both sexes, and to neither sex. Demographic data on patients families of origin were extracted from their clinical charts and from structured interview protocols. A multiple-range test at the .05 level showed that the homosexual men had significantly more siblings than the homosexual women, who, in turn, had significantly more siblings than the non homosexual men. The sibling sex ratio of the homosexual men, 131 brothers per 100 sisters, was significantly higher than the sex ratio of live births for the population as a whole (106 men per 100 women; p=.01); the sibling sex ratios of the other groups did not differ from the expected value. The homosexual men had a significantly later birth order than the non homosexual men (p=.004); the homosexual women, who fell in between, did not differ significantly from either male group. There were no between-groups differences in paternal or maternal age at the time of the subject's birth. The results concerning sibling sex ratio and birth order are consistent with previous findings for homosexual men.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Typically, intravenous drug users are studied by drawing samples from drug treatment programs, from the criminal justice system, or by outreach into the street community via anthropological or ethnographic methods. Among 1405 subjects recruited through extensive community outreach, 46% reported no history of treatment for drug abuse and 16% said they had not been arrested in the preceding 10 years; 130 (9%) reported neither history. A history of arrest was higher among men and those with a history of: treatment for drug abuse, low educational attainment, having received public assistance, and unemployment. A history of drug treatment was higher among women and those of an older age with a history of: arrest, having received public assistance, and a greater duration and intensity of intravenous drug use. Intravenous drug users who had neither a history of arrest since 1977 nor of drug treatment were more likely to be women and more educated, to have not received public assistance, and to inject less than weekly. These data indicate that characteristics of intravenous drug users differ by history of arrest and treatment, substantiating reports of heterogeneity among intravenous drug users.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID