ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The economic burden of depression includes direct costs of treatment, as well as absenteeism and reduced productivity. In this study, we consider the costs and benefits of an intervention to assess and treat depressive symptoms in long-term disability claimants with nonpsychiatric medical illnesses. Cost-benefit simulations were conducted using data from a study sample of long-term disability claimants (N= 1229) and estimates of both the costs of treatment of depressive symptoms and the savings in claims payments for those who return to work as a result of treatment. We show that the savings that stem from returning a very few claimants to work can offset the assumed cost of a comprehensive program for the assessment of depressive symptoms in all claimants and intensive treatment of those with depressive symptoms. The economic and public health benefits both point toward the value of such an intervention for disability claimants.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The goal of this study was to investigate the dissociative phenomenology of dissociative identity disorder (DID). The Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID) was administered to 34 patients with DID, 23 patients with dissociative disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS), 52 patients with mixed psychiatric disorders, and 58 normal individuals. DID patients obtained significantly higher scores than the other three groups on 27 dissociation-related variables. DDNOS patients had significantly higher scores than normals and mixed psychiatric patients on 17 and 15 dissociation-related variables, respectively. The findings of the present study are virtually identical to a large body of replicated findings about the dissociative phenomenology of DID. This broad range of dissociation-related phenomena, which routinely occurs in individuals with DID, is largely absent from the DSM-IV-TR account of DID. Factor analysis of the 11 dimensions of dissociation that are measured by the MID extracted only one factor that accounted for 85% of the variance. It was concluded that dissociation is a unifactorial taxon or natural type that has different aspects or epiphenomena (i.e., amnesia, depersonalization, voices, trance, etc.).

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The aim of the present study was to systematically elicit the safety behaviors employed by people with insomnia. Safety behaviors have been identified as contributing to the maintenance of anxiety disorders. They include overt or covert strategies designed to prevent a feared outcome. However, they contribute to the maintenance of the disorder because they prevent unambiguous disconfirmation of unrealistic beliefs and they increase the likelihood that the fear would actually occur. A questionnaire based on the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale was developed to elicit safety behaviors and was administered to 33 people meeting criteria for primary insomnia and 33 nonpatient controls. The data indicated that people with insomnia use a wide range of safety behaviors to prevent feared outcomes. Blind raters determined that the safety behaviors reported included those that: interfere with the regularity of the sleep cycle, interfere with sleep directly, cause paradoxical fuelling of presleep cognitive activity, exacerbate daytime sleepiness, contribute to the day being unpleasant or boring, and those that increase preoccupation with sleep. The clinical implications of these findings and areas for further research are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Patterns in the psychological defenses of medical students may have implications for the way they handle and respond to the pressures and developmental issues they encounter in medical school and beyond. Using the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ40) to assess psychological defenses, a sample of first-year Danish medical students was compared with a sample of students at a short-term boarding school for general education. The medical students scored significantly higher on items connected with pseudo-altruism, denial, and undoing. Trends in the data furthermore suggest a greater use of sublimation, rationalization, and dissociation among medical students. When defense mechanisms were labeled into mature, neurotic, and immature categories, there were no differences between the groups or in the total defense scores.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Members of the general population were screened for delusion-proneness using the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI). Two groups were formed from the participants who scored in the upper and lower quartiles of the PDI and compared on a probability judgment task and on the Need for Closure scale (NFC). The study investigated whether the “jump-to-conclusions” (JTC) reasoning bias, characteristic of deluded participants, could be found in delusion-prone individuals. NFC was investigated as a motivational factor that may correlate with this reasoning bias. Evidence for the existence of the data-gathering, but not the probability judgment, part of the JTC reasoning bias was found in the delusion-prone individuals. This group also scored significantly higher on the NFC scale. As the data-gathering reasoning bias was found in delusion-prone individuals this suggests that it may be involved in the formation, rather than merely the maintenance, of delusional beliefs.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To assess East Asian immigrants’ willingness to use psychological services if depressed and willingness to recommend psychological services to distressed friends, and to examine their cultural (acculturation status, self-construal, ethnic identity), psychological, and demographic correlates, 170 East Asian immigrants (88 male, 82 female) were administered a battery of psychometrically established measures. Approximately 50% of participants expressed strong unwillingness to seek psychological treatments, and approximately 30% expressed strong unwillingness to recommend such treatments to distressed friends. Personal willingness to use psychological services was positively associated with assimilation, being female, age, and English fluency, but was negatively associated with interpersonal distance and number of years in the United States. In contrast, willingness to recommend psychological services to friends was positively associated with independent self-construal, overall ethnic identity, interpersonal sensitivity, being female, and number of years in the United States but was negatively associated with interpersonal distance and reported obsessive-compulsive symptoms. A minority of East Asian immigrants report being willing to seek or to recommend psychological services. Psychological distress, and cultural and demographic features were differentially associated with willingness to seek versus willingness to recommend psychological services.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID