ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1975

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1975

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

With recent developments in community psychiatric services, concern with prevention has become an urgent social, as well as medical challenge. Comprehensive investigation into causation must therefore be given systematic emphasis. This paper is an effort toward clarification of etiology, specifically of the depressive disorder, in terms of early childhood experiences.The work is based on social and psychiatric history data collected by experienced psychiatric social workers on two groups of subjects from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Collaborative Depression Studies under the direction of Allen Raskin, Ph.D. of the NIMH Psychology Research Branch, and a third group of subjects from Boston State Hospital.The hypothesis that childhood deprivation, defined as “the lack, loss or absence of an emotionally sustaining relationship prior to adolescence,” has a meaningful association with the occurrence of adult depression was tested in a sample of 347 depressed inpatient women and 114 outpatient women in comparison to 198 normal women used as a control or reference population. The subjects were all Caucasian.Events occurring during childhood that could be considered within the definition of deprivation were documented. Further, subjects were assessed as to depriving childrearing experiences.The findings revealed no association of adult depression with overt childhood loss events, but did provide evidence to support an association of depriving childrearing processes with adult depression. The findings also revealed evidence of a relationship between the degree of the depriving childrearing experience with the severity of the adult illness as measured by hospital status.The results are discussed in relation to findings from other studies of childhood deprivation and psychiatric disorder.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1975

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The availability of outpatient psychiatric treatment and community social support services has brought increasing numbers of persons with mild depressive symptoms to the attention of clinicians. However, little attention has been directed toward the study of these mild disturbances.A comparison of symptom patterns and clinical course is presented between clinically depressed psychiatric outpatients being treated with amitriptyline (depressed patients) and a group of unhappy and sad women not under psychiatric treatment but coming to a career guidance center (normal depressives).These data support the finding that normal depression is similar in degree to the mood disturbances of clinical depression but is not similar in symptom patterns. Normal depression is characterized by a relative absence of somatic complaints and somatic anxiety. The short term clinical course of drug-treated depressed patients and vocationally assisted unhappy women is quite similar in that both groups improve. This improvement is characterized by a reduction of most symptoms and of the central core of depressed mood. Further research is needed on the frequency, patterns, and course of these mild depressive states to determine their clinical importance and treatment indications.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1975

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A group of depressed women treated with amitriptyline was studied with particular attention to the speed of response in different symptoms of depression and in psychotic as compared to neurotic depressives. The findings showed rapid improvement in suicidal feelings, insomnia, and anorexia, but slower and more gradual improvement in impaired work and interests, retardation and pessimism and hopelessness. Psychotic depressives did not show substantial improvement until the third week of treatment whereas neurotic depressives improved markedly within the first week. It is suggested that the psychotic classification may be more useful as a predictor of speed of response than as a predictor of final treatment outcome.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1975

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In the course of long term treatment with amitriptyline of 212 depressed women, the patients' somatic complaints were assessed. These somatic complaints included most symptoms generally attributed as being adverse effects of amitriptyline and other tricyclics. The reputed adverse effects were very often reported by patients prior to the initiation of antidepressant medication. Except for reports of dryness of mouth, all somatic complaints were reduced in frequency and intensity during the course of clinical improvement. When patients relapsed, regardless of whether they were or were not on maintenance medication, these somatic complaints returned. Except for dryness of mouth, no relationship between somatic complaints and dosage of amitriptyline was found.Amitriptyline is relatively safe. No episodes of death, cardiac arrhythmia, liver, blood or central nervous system reaction occurred.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1975

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The attendance patterns of 36 predominantly lower class, depressed women receiving outpatient psychotherapy were studied to determine the actual amount and frequency of therapy received in an 8-month period. At the initiation of therapy, the majority of patients expressed either neutral or negative attitudes to therapy. Contrary to the usually held belief that indifferent attitudes to therapy coupled with the patients' low socioeconomic status augured poorly for the patients' continuation in therapy, we found that the sample studied attended regularly and remained in therapy until the end of the prescribed 8-month period. Missed appointments occurred rarely and were usually preceded by cancellations. The majority of therapy sessions were with patients, but provisions were available for the involvement of spouses and other relatives where indicated. It is suggested that the time-limited nature of therapy, the delineation of short term, realistically attainable goals, and the vigorous outreach techniques by the therapists may have contributed to the unexpectedly high therapy attendance.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1975

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The discrepancies between experts' criteria for hospitalization of suicide attempters with actual clinical practice were explored to develop utilization review criteria which reflect current clinical thinking and which could form guidelines for the assessment of clinical care.Experts' criteria predicted that a hospitalized group of suicide attempters did not require hospitalization and that a nonhospitalized group of suicide attempters required hospitalization. Examination of the discrepancies between clinical practice and experts' criteria not only revealed that incorporation of clinical measures of depressive symptomatology could improve the experts' criteria for hospitalization but also showed that clinicians did not hospitalize a group of markedly symptomatic and socially impaired white suicide attempters. Clinician and patient factors that may have contributed to this decision making and the application of these findings for utilization review are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1975

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1975

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1975

数据来源: OVID