ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The study of unsolicited psychiatric patients who became ill because of their experience in a natural disaster can assist in the design of future disaster research. A clinical report of 36 such patients illustrates the problems of case detection, the delayed presentation of much of the morbidity, and the need to separate stress-related symptoms which are common in disaster victims from psychiatric illness. Unless these issues are taken into account, estimates of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders after major disasters may be subject to substantial error.The role of vulnerability factors assessed to be operating in these patients suggests that exposure and losses sustained in the disaster alone are inadequate predictors of psychiatric disorder. The risk factors for the development of disaster-related psychiatric morbidity will be more accurately defined if the contribution of a range of constitutional, personality, and social factors as well as the personal impact of the disaster are investigated in future research.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relationship of four psychosocial factors (family history of psychiatric illness, early loss of a nurturing relationship, stressful life events, and low social support) to depressive symptoms was investigated in university students using a cross-sectional design. A depressed group (N - 160), selected from a consecutive sample of students diagnosed depressed and attending a university psychiatric service, was contrasted with a nondepressed group (N=206) randomly selected from the general university population within three strata (sex, academic level, and month of the year) to match the clinic group. Depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. It was found that family history of psychiatric illness, stressful life events, and lack of a confidant all had a significant, independent direct effect on the occurrence of depressive symptoms, but early loss was not associated. An interaction effect among the psychosocial factors was not demonstrated.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Research shows a higher risk of relapse among schizophrenics in high “expressed emotion” families. In this paper, the measure called “expressed emotion” is conceptualized as an indicator of family attempts to socially control the schizophrenic person's behavior in a particular way. This social control conceptualization is supported by a review of the type of information in the measure. Hypotheses following from this view are examined to assess the construct validity of the measure conceptualized as a type of social control. First, attempts at control are hypothesized to be ways anxious and fearful families try to cope. Second, the family's recognition of the schizophrenic's problem as mental illness is hypothesized to reduce the fearful and anxious family's likelihood of an intense interpersonal social control coping response. This type of social control of involuntary illness behaviors would be abandoned as unjust and unlikely to be effective. Data from the pioneering 1972 study by Brown, Birley, and Wing (Br. J. Psychiatry 121:241-258) provide support for these hypotheses and thus provide support for this social control conceptualization.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Since the initial reports of ventricular enlargement in schizophrenics, attempts have been made to define a subgroup of patients with brain atrophy on computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans. The authors reviewed this literature for clinical, biochemical, and environmental correlates of lateral and third ventricular enlargement as well as cortical and cerebellar atrophy and brain density. It is concluded that CAT abnormalities are useful markers in delineating a group of schizophrenics characterized predominantly by neuropsychological impairment, poor premorbid adjustment, global monoamine disturbance, poor treatment response to neuroleptics, lack of positive symptoms, and predominance of negative symptoms. A proposal for further classification of these patients is given both in terms of the dopamine hypothesis and Kraepelin's dementia praecox.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It has previously been argued that the current Per-Mag classification criteria may erroneously select some individuals who are not vulnerable to psychosis. We suggest that a second false-positive problem exists with these criteria. Specifically, actively psychotic individuals may be included in presumably prepsychotic samples. Implications of this problem for at-risk information-processing research are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The complete Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale were administered to 20 young, male, chronic schizophrenics. Three commonly used indices of neuropsychological impairment were calculated and compared. Although all three indices were similar in separating computerized axial tomography normal from abnormal patients, statistical significance was achieved only with the Halstead Impairment Index. Thus, the easier-to-obtain Halstead Impairment Index appears to be at least as good as, and possibly better than, the more-difficult-to-obtain indices of Percent of Ratings within the Impaired Range and the Average Impairment Rating. Reasons for these findings are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome unresponsive to supportive medical therapy was successfully treated by electroconvulsive therapy. Electroconvulsive therapy may offer a safe and rapidly effective intervention in cases of neuroleptic malignant syndrome complicated by high fever and severe muscular rigidity which do not improve with supportive care.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Seizures were observed following the withdrawal of alprazolam administered in therapeutic dose for 10 weeks. A review of available case reports suggests that seizures, like other withdrawal phenomena, are more apt to occur with short-acting benzodiazepines. To prevent their occurrence these drugs should be discontinued gradually and consideration given to substituting long-acting drugs during the withdrawal period. Physicians should remain alert to the fact that seizures may occur as early as 24 hours after the abrupt withdrawal of short-acting benzodiazepines.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID